The Effect Monetary Policy has on Macroeconomic Factors Essay

The Effect Monetary Policy has on Macroeconomic Factors Monetary policy includes the manipulation in the money supply by the Federal Reserve that will influence interest rates, which will cause a snowball effect in total overall spending. The change in interest rates, in many cases are a determining factor in the decision-making process to purchasing a house, a new car, borrow money for home improvements and many other decisions on purchases which will impact the total level of spending in the economy. The Federal Reserve has two main assets, securities and loans to commercial banks, thrifts-savings and loans, mutual savings and loans and credit unions. Securities are government bonds that have been purchased by the Federal†¦show more content†¦Soon people were paying for goods with goldsmiths receipts, which serviced as the first kind of paper money (Brue 2004). At this point the goldsmiths-embryonic bankers- used a 100 percent reserve system; they backed their circulating paper money receipts fully with the gold that the y held in reserve in their vaults. But because of the publics acceptance of the goldsmiths receipts as paper money, the goldsmiths soon realized that owners rarely redeemed the gold that they held in storage. In fact, the goldsmiths observed that the amount of gold being deposited with them in any week or month was likely to exceed the amount that was being withdrawn (Brue 2004). Today, the U.S. Bureau of Engraving creates Federal Reserve Notes and The U.S. Mint creates coins. Checkable deposits make up over half the nations MI money supply, and are created by loan officers who issue loans to consumers. How Gross Domestic Product is affected The economys performance is measured by its yearly combined output of goods and services, also called aggregate output. Aggregate output is labeled gross domestic product (GDP); the total market value of all final goods and services produced in a given year. GDP includes all goods and services produced by either citizen-supplied or foreign-supplied resources employed within the country (Brue, 2006). The point of implementing policy through raising or lowering interest rates is to affect peoples andShow MoreRelatedThe Effect Of Macroeconomic Indicators On Economic Growth On A Petrol Dollar Economy Essay1391 Words   |  6 PagesTHE EFFECT OF MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN A PETROL-DOLLAR ECONOMY: THE NIGERIAN EXPERIENCE 1. Introduction The Central Bank of Nigeria Act of 1958(CBN) vested the monetary policy powers of economic stability on the apex regulatory bank (CBN).Since our independence in 1960,CBN has operated a fixed exchange regime which was at various times was at par with the British pounds and later the United States Dollar. This exchange rate regime was operated in additionRead MoreMonetary Policy On The Connections Between Money, Banks, And Credit960 Words   |  4 Pages This paper focuses on Monetary Policy, which centres on the connections between money, banks, and credit to lenders. In addition, this paper will cover the effect on macroeconomic factors such as GDP, unemployment, inflation, and interest rates. With many combinations of monetary policy, the paper covers the optimal balance between economic growth, low inflation, and a reasonable rate of unemployment. Money is any object that functions as a means of exchange that society accepts social and legalRead MoreMonetary Policy Essay1666 Words   |  7 PagesMonetary Policy Monetary Policy The Economy is the backbone to society. There are many factors that operate in, and govern our society’s economical structure. Factors such as scarcity and choice, opportunity cost, marginal analysis, microeconomics, macroeconomics, factors of production, production possibilities, law of increasing opportunity cost, economic systems, circular flow model, money, and economic costs and profits all contribute to what is known as the economy. These properties asRead Moreeco3721430 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Syllabus School of Business ECO/372 Version 4 Principles of Macroeconomics Copyright  © 2012, 2008, 2007, 2006 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Schedule: Workshop 1 = January 30, 2014 Workshop 2 = February 6, 2014 Workshop 3 = February 13, 2014 Workshop 4 = February 20, 2014 Workshop 5 = February 27, 2014 Instructor contact information: Jack Abbott Cell phone, 714-337-6092 Email, jbabbott@cox.net Course Description This course provides studentsRead MoreMacroeconomics Essay1704 Words   |  7 PagesMacroeconomics is a branch of economics that deals with the performance, structure, and behavior of a national economy as a whole. Macroeconomists seek to understand the determinants of aggregate trends in an economy with particular focus on national income, unemployment, inflation, investment, and international trade (Wikipedia, 2007). Government tends to use a combination of both monetary and fiscal options when setting policies that deal with the Macroeconomic. Read MoreMonetary Policy Essay1638 Words   |  7 PagesMonetary Policy Paper Introduction Fiscal and monetary policies focus on quickly returning the economy to sustainable, healthy growth. Any type of fiscal relief package will boost consumer and business spending and can augment the nations long-term growth potential. Expansionary monetary policy can stimulate growth and provide insurance against the possibility of deflation. This paper will present information on four topics: (1) tools used by the Federal Reserve to control the money supplyRead MoreSupply Shocks : A Common Phenomenon1661 Words   |  7 Pageslead to the effect on the equilibrium price. Negative supply shocks involve the sudden decrease in supply and the instant increase in price of commodity. The end result of the negative supply shocks involve the stagflation of the market whereby output falls with raising prices. Positive supply shocks involve an increase in the supply of a commodity (Lewis Mizen 2000). The essay aims at analyzing and describing the role of supply shocks in models of optimal discre tionary monetary policy and reflectingRead MoreRelationship Between Macro Environment And The Demand For Dairy Product1342 Words   |  6 Pagesperformance of the macroeconomic environment and the demand for dairy products. To begin with, the demand for dairy products are influenced by several factors, for example, the price, price of substitutes, income and demographic effects (Heien and Wessells 1988). Excluding the population factors, the other factors could be affected by macroeconomics. According to Erten and Ocampo (2012), the commodity prices are related to the situation of the macroeconomic. Also, the income distribution has close relationshipRead MoreThe Limits to Macroeconomic Policy Essay1255 Words   |  6 PagesThe Limits to Macroeconomic Policy A country’s economy represents an equilibrium driven by the vast workings of many moving parts. Some of these parts include governments, policy makers, trade partners, international investors and banking authorities. Today’s technological advancements have made it easier than ever for monies to traverse national borders quickly and efficiently. This capability facilitates inflows and outflows of capital in response to signals. Not all of these signals areRead MoreWhat Role Did The Setting Of Monetary Policy Play On Housing Market Developments?1743 Words   |  7 PagesWhat role did the setting of monetary policy play in housing market developments? Monetary policies play can or not play a major role in the housing developments. This all depends on the supporting evidences provided that aligns with the goals of the policy makers. In this scenario monetary policy was not the initial reason for the extraordinary strength in the housing markets. According this case study, a relationship between interest rates and housing activities is not adequate enough to explain

Internal Controls And Corporate Controls - 1007 Words

Internal Controls â€Å"Internal controls are policies and procedures put in place to ensure the continued reliability of accounting systems† (Ingram 2017). WorldCom’s attempts at maintaining internal controls are less than favorable. Segregation of duties enables the division responsibilities to ensure that no employee completes two similar tasks. The CEO’s monitoring of WorldCom’s financial processes shows that the company has a lax segregation of duties, which makes it easier to commit fraud. Access controls protect financial data from unauthorized access, however, WorldCom’s extent is password-protected computers. No access inventories are taken to monitor employee usage, so there is no trail of when employees are doing during work.†¦show more content†¦It is possible that Ebbers and Sullivan used their power to overwrite certain approvals to increase the company’s bottom line (Button 2015) (Ingram 2017). Weaknesses Everyone is responsible for implementing and maintaining internal controls. Arthur Andersen, LLP is partly responsible for the internal controls since they need reviewing during an audit. WorldCom needs to establish relations with a reputable auditing firm and to hire an executive team who understands the important of workplace ethics. WorldCom management needs to communicate their expectations to employees and introduce fraud awareness training. Fraud awarness training includes an ethics hotline that employees can call into when an incident occurs. One of WorldCom’s weaknesses is its segregation of duties. WorldCom needs to establish an effective segregation of duties that combats the opportunity for fraud to be committed. Multiple employees need to be tasked within the same financial process to ensure that not one employee has two similar tasks. WorldCom never fully implemented its vacation policy, so it is in the company’s best interest to see that through. Mor e employees taking vacation time will reduce the opportunity to commit fraudulent activities (Draz 2011). Besides a password-protected system, WorldCom needs to create a program that tracks an employee’s computer activities as a preventive fraud measure especially if accessed overShow MoreRelatedThe Effect Of Internal Controls On Corporate Governance Associated With The Revelations Of Internal Control Material Weaknesses And Their Subsequent Remediation812 Words   |  4 Pagesarticle researched was Changes in Corporate Governance Associated with the Revelation of Internal Control Material Weaknesses and Their Subsequent Remediation. The abstract discusses the problems associated with the lack of internal controls within a company. Additionally, the abstract discusses how fraud and material weaknesses can occur without the implementation of the proper internal controls. Johnstone, Li, and Rupley (2011) disclose that internal controls have long been viewed as an importantRead MoreThe Relationship Between Internal Control Practice And Corporate Governance1381 Words   |  6 Pagesrelationship between internal control practice and corporate governance, also the interaction of Corporate governance and internal control practice and its causes that can be improving the development of the company. Also evaluate the company which is WOODSIDE PETROLEUM LTD, to evaluate this company’s corporate governance statement communicates information about its governance and internal control practices. However, it also will examine two principles from ASX Corporate Governance, to weighRead MoreInternal Auditing : Corporate Fraud, Greed For Power, Money, And Influence1165 Words   |  5 Pagessummary outline on internal auditing by uncovering motives behind corporate fraud, executives greed for power, money and influence. These issues will include a t ransitory story of the Archer Daniels Midland Company (ADM) scandal which results in fraudulent corporate practices using the fixed pricing scheme. If internal auditing practices were implemented at ADM may have saved investors and customers millions of dollars. This topic shifts to company responsibilities for employing internal auditing practicesRead MoreCorporate Governance in Australia1490 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction A decade ago, the term corporate governance was barely heard. Today, its like climate change and private equity, corporate governance is a staple of everyday business language and capital markets are better for it (ASX 2010). Therefore, corporate governance can be defined as a term that refers broadly to the rules, processes, or laws by which businesses are managed, regulated, and controlled. The term can refer to internal factors defined by the officers, stockholders or constitutionRead MoreRole Of Internal Audit On The Organization Outside The Finance Department1121 Words   |  5 PagesNon-accounting specialists From: Miriam Lombe, Junior Accountant Cc: Finance Director Date: 15/12/2014 Subject: Role of Internal Audit It has come to my attention that the role of internal audit is not clear to some members of the organization outside the finance department. Therefore, it was decided that a memo is written to explain clearly the role of internal audit. Internal auditing is an independent, objective assurance and consulting function intended to add value and improve an organization’sRead MoreSarbanes Oxley Act Of 2002956 Words   |  4 PagesSarbanes-Oxley Act In reaction to a number of corporate and accounting scandals which included Enron Congress passed The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) (Sarbox) also known as the Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act† and the Corporate and Auditing Accountability and Responsibility Act was enacted July 30, 2002. The Sarbane-Oxley Act is a US federal law that created new and expanded laws regarding the requirements for all US public company boards, management, and accountingRead MoreCorporate Governance : A Troubled Economy Essay1372 Words   |  6 Pagesexpanded the concept of corporate governance. The Institute of Financial Auditors said that the Corporate Governance is constituted of processes and structures implemented by the board of directors to inform, direct, manage and monitor the operations of an organization towards reaching its goals. Internal audit tells us that an organization reach its objective by bringing a disciplined, systematic approach to improve and evaluate the effectiveness of risk management, internal controls and governance processRead MoreThe Issue And Existing Business Practices1383 Words   |  6 Pagesrecommendations using SMART framework. 2.0 Definition of the issue The present issue of executives filing false expense claims can be categorized as a corporate culture matter. Corporate culture can be defined as the set of values, beliefs and behaviour patterns that form the core identity of an organisation (Denison, n.d.). A strong corporate culture encourages the involvement of an organisation’s employees, therefore largely associated with productivity rates (Denison, n.d.). Healthy companiesRead MoreThe Sarbanes Oxley Act : A Direct Effect On Corporate Governance955 Words   |  4 PagesAct has a direct effect on corporate governance, and it is the strengthening of audit committees at public companies. This audit committee members oversees the company’s the management accounting decisions and gain new responsibilities such as approving numerous audit and non-audit services, selecting and overseeing external auditors, and handling complaints regarding the management’s accounting practices (Blokhin, 2015). There has been incr eased attention to corporate governance resulted from theRead MoreKey Developments Within Coso 2013-151508 Words   |  7 PagesIMPLEMENTATION Key Developments within COSO 2013-15 †¢ COSO released an updated internal control- integrated framework in 2013 which will supersede the 1992 framework by Dec 14 2014 †¢ The SEC has stated the staff intends to monitor the transition for issuers using the 1992 Framework to evaluate rather any staff of commission action will be needed in the future. As the Framework was updated on Dec 14 2014 the staff that still abide by the 1992 Framework are likely to be questioned by the SEC regarding

Challenges Faced in Managing Consumers-Free-Samples For Students

Question: Discuss about the Consumer Behaviior and Provide the Challenges faced in Managing Consumers. Answer: Selected Product or Service Overview The herbal soap is a product is the most trusted consumer brand. It is trusted for the wide number of ayurvedic ingredients. This soap suits almost every skin type and made up of 60 percent coconut oil base. The soaps have curative, preventive and beautifying qualities for the skin. The 18 herbal extracts incorporated in the soap cure almost all the skin related issues. The herbal soap is traditionally handcrafted and perfectly suits all the skin type. Few of the qualities claimed by the soap are: It prevents skin from any kind of infection, protects skin from multiple problems like pimples, blackhead and prickly heat, it control dandruff and is effective for skin care. The soap is dermetogically tested and sold on a large scale with a focus to gain effective role in terms of generating effective brand value. This is certain from the point of view of gaining effective consumer brand value and gaining better and efficient role. It is strategic for a brand to develop a competitive role in order to undertake competitive role. This is important from the point of developing consumer behavior and progression. The positive aspect of consumer market behavior is to understand the inclination of consumers. The consumer interest has typically increased in the natural products creating a wide opportunity for the brand. It is widely creating an important market scope that has helped in gaining high level of productivity. Critical Analysis Consumer Decision - Making Process The consumer decision making process involves different stages regarding the problem recognition and the post purchase activities (Solomon et al 2014. The herbal soap is a well-acclaimed product with a high market value and reasonable progression in the market. It is important from the point of view of gaining effective brand knowledge and developing growth aspects. The consumer inclination towards a product is due to the group ad peer-circle (Aaker and Biel 2013). Especially in the case of this product, it is evident to manage the relative growth and progression of the product in a way which is possible. This is important to attain the business progression in a way that allow in dealing with the situation. The Consumer behavior policies and psychological growth are important for gaining ultimate resources and managing the gaps. It is evident to acknowledge in order dealing with the consumer behavior policies. It is necessary for generating better consumer behavior policies that will certainly allow the brand in understanding individual perception (Cross, et al 2018. Problem recognition The primary purpose is to understand the problem and then undertaking the role in order to initiate the progress. The situation is to manage the changes in order to manage effective role and attain effective policies. The purpose of managing the organizational progress is to sustain ultimate goal and putting forward the progress of the consumer psychology. It is immediate for the company to understand the way in which an organization can attain effective role in order to understand the progression. It is necessary for managing the relative growth and progress in order to understand the problem pertaining to the problem. The human needs are two different categories depending upon the nature (Schmitt, 2012). Information searching The next feature is to understand the information related to the product and service. One the consumer need is recognized, it is evident to serve the consumer related progress. The consumer related goals is to understand the basic market progression and ultimate organizational goal (Haugtvedt, Herr and Kardes, 2012). The long term purpose is to undertake the ultimate goal and managing the consumer likes and dislikes. This will ultimately lead to gaining consumer marketing behavior. The long-term purpose is to undertake the deals and arrange the focus in order to ultimately gain the progress. It is important to deal with the challenges and managing long term effective role and matching up with the individual expectations the consumer brand has undergone changes in order to gain detailed growth. The consumer behavioural process is generally important to deal with the challenges in order to manage the effective consumer behavior and changes (East, et al 2013). Evaluation of Alternatives Consumer generally looks out for the alternatives that are available in order to gain quality services. There are ample of herbal products in the market that will certainly allow in gaining concrete efforts (Quester, et al 2007). The necessary role is to understand the purpose behind the consumer behavior and growth. The overall purpose is to generate the valid request in terms of gaining consumer related issue and verifying the interest of the consumers. The changes in the individual consumer behavior are due to the changing business aspects (Hawkins, et al 2010). It is important from the point of view of gaining effective role and arranging effectiveness. The process of evaluating the strategic consumer behavior is to evaluate the changes and calculating the product design and different related issues associated with the product. It is necessary for attaining the individual scope and development in order to attain growth. The herbal soap has to make effective changes in the product requirements. This will significantly help in ensuring product growth and quality assurance. Consumer is more or less concerned with the quality of the product and most of the consumers are sure about the needs pertaining to the product. The ayurvedic soap has gained effective market progress only after managing the competent factors. These factors will however help in ensuring consistent growth and ensuring positive growth (Jobber and Ellis-Chadwick, 2012). Purchase decision The decision regarding the product purchase is significant from the point of following the market. The changes can only be managed by focusing over the consumers and delivering the value product. The product quality is one of the most effective factors which are causing a change in the individual behavior. Consumer behavior and psychological needs are important to be focused upon in order to understand the product related progression. It is necessary from the point of gaining accurate growth and progression. There are number of factors that affect the product purchase and relatively affect the difference in herbal soap growth. It is necessary for managing the product related effectiveness and managing long-term goals in order to ultimately manage the progress (Kahle and Chiagouris, 2014). Post purchase Evacuation The other most important part is regarding the post-purchase evaluation and it directs the actual consumer behavior. This is important to receive the feedback and how do they evaluate the product. It is important from the point of view of gaining goals and maintaining a balance in order to maintain a focus. The opinion of the customers is important to manage the effectiveness that is certain for the organization. It is important from the point of view of gaining occupancy of the products. This is certainly important from the point of gaining effective role (Lantos 2015). Individual, Psychological, Cultural and Social Factors affecting consumer behaviour The Individual, Psychological, Cultural and Social Factors affecting consumer behaviour related to the product is to understand the value of product. It is important from the point of gaining effective role and gaining the product quality. It is important from the point of view of generating better quality. The purpose is to attain the applicable role and responsibility. Customers are more or large focused on using herbal products. The purpose is to generate adequate progress and managing applicable growth and maintaining applicable role. The social factors are responsible to manage the changes in order to understand the product impact and their behavior (Lee and Chen, 2010). The most recent marketing communications of this product or service The most recent strategic communication is through the advertisement over different medium. This is done to create awareness. It is important to manage the changes and allocating the purpose and attaining the changes and working in better role and responsibility. The outcome is to manage the customers and adding the progression in order to attain effective role (Lindquist and Sirgy, 2009). The consumer behavior is evident to maintain the challenges and arranging the best result. The growth and ultimate product is to maintain the balance and accumulating the knowledge. It is to understand the possibilities and attaining the long-term role. It is necessary to manage the progress and managing the marketing strategies in order to maintain the goals. It is to manage the long-term goals in order to manage the business related growth. The purpose is to manage the organizational progression and creating value. It is creating value and managing the growth. The challenges are relevant to be ma naged in a better process. The long term purpose is to manage the progress. The purpose is to manage the goals and managing the effect is to understand the role and responsibilities in order to gain ultimate growth (Malhotra, 2008). The current marketing strategy The current market strategy is to manage the natural product and retain market progress. It is important to manage the effectiveness in order to validate the reasonable growth. It is important to manage the purpose in order to attain the long term progress and allocating the consumer related issues. The overall purpose is to attain the long-term issues and attaining better features. The existing market strategy is to attain the herbal soap strategy and attaining the progress. This is important from the point of view of gaining accuracy and managing progression in a better way. The ultimate focus is to retain the name and gaining progress (Nwankwo, Hamelin and Khaled, 2014). Strategic Recommendations Consumer behavior and psychology plays an important role in understanding the product related market strategy. Individual do prefer premium brands and unique products which will assure growth and development in order to gain effectiveness. An individual who wish to buy the products is more inclined towards gaining effectiveness. The brand has gained appropriate strategic growth. It is important to manage product role and responsibility. The focus of consumer behavior and psychology is to understand the changes and putting forward a variety of effectiveness. This is important to allocate the product effectiveness and managing the progress in the most relevant manner. The overall purpose is to gain adequate results and matching consumer related behavior. The purpose of decision making is to understand the changes in the daily individual life and working accordingly. These decisions are complex for the individual and require identifying a product in a better way. Therefore, in order to understand the product psychology and behavior, it is evident to manage the changes and allocating process in order to associate the product related knowledge. While considering all the factors and deterring the behavior in order to understand the organizational behavior. It is vital for the organization to manage the behavior of consumers in order to attain effective roles. Therefore for managing the organizational behavior and psychology, it is important to manage the concrete changes and reporting the positive results. The purpose of the organization is to attain concrete progress related to the changing consumer inclination. These will certain from the point of gearing up organizational value. It is important from the point of managing consumer behavior related issues in order to gain adequacy. The purpose of consumer behavioural is to manage the changes and reciprocating the better roles and responsibility. In the changing business scenario, it is important to manage the gaps a nd defining the consumer behavior cycle. This will certainly help in allocating the significant result and putting forward the relative changes in the individual. There is a common consensus regarding the organizational policies and development. This will be helpful in becoming progressive and helpful on a long-run and generating capacity to understand their behavior. It is important for the purpose of understanding the behavioural issues and managing systematic behavior which will help in stimulating growth. It is helpful from the way of attaining better roles and focusing over the progression in the consumer behavior. The purpose is to understand the roles and persistently measuring the changes in order to gain effectiveness. This is important to gain better and effective role which is evident in order to gain progress. This is necessary for regulating the effectiveness of business priority. The only purpose of the organization is to attain better roles and undertaking the complex ities. The consumer behavior and priorities are evident to manage the special possibilities associated with the changes. The most relevant process to attain the consumer behavior strategy is to attain a significant growth. The progression is to generate the possibilities which will ensure growth and development. Reference List Aaker, D.A. and Biel, A.L., 2013.Brand equity and advertising: advertising's role in building strong brands. Psychology Press. Cross, S.N., Ruvalcaba, C., Venkatesh, A. and Belk, R.W. eds., 2018.Consumer culture theory. Emerald Publishing Limited. East, R., Wright, M., and Vanhuele, M. 2013.Consumer behaviour: applications in marketing. Sage. Haugtvedt, C.P., Herr, P. and Kardes, F. eds., 2012.Handbook of consumer psychology. Psychology Press. Hawkins, D. I., Best, R. J., and Coney, K. A. 2010. Consumer behavior.Implications for marketing strategy,5. Jobber, D., and Ellis-Chadwick, F. 2012.Principles and practice of marketing (No. 7th). McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Kahle, L.R. and Chiagouris, L. eds., 2014.Values, lifestyles, and psychographics. Psychology Press. Lantos, G. P. 2015.Consumer behavior in action: Real-life applications for marketing managers. Routledge. Lee, S. M., and Chen, L. 2010. The impact of flow on online consumer behavior.Journal of Computer Information Systems,50(4), 1-10. Lindquist, J. D., and Sirgy, M. J. 2009.Shopper, buyer, and consumer behavior: Theory, marketing applications and public policy implications. Atomic Dog/Cengage Learning. Malhotra, N. K. 2008.Marketing research: An applied orientation, 5/e. Pearson Education India. Nwankwo, S., Hamelin, N. and Khaled, M., 2014. Consumer values, motivation and purchase intention for luxury goods.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,21(5), pp.735-744. Quester, P., Neal, C., Pettigrew, S., Grimmer, M. R., Davis, T., and Hawkins, D. 2007.Consumer behaviour: Implications for marketing strategy. McGraw-Hill. Schmitt, B., 2012. The consumer psychology of brands.Journal of Consumer Psychology,22(1), pp.7-17. Solomon, M.R., Dahl, D.W., White, K., Zaichkowsky, J.L. and Polegato, R., 2014.Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being(Vol. 10). Pears

Quality of Ball Pen free essay sample

pen A pen (Latin penna, feather) is a writing implement used to apply ink to a surface, usually paper, for writing or drawing. Historically, reed pens, quill pens, and dip pens were used, with a nib dipped in the ink. Ruling pens allow precise adjustment of line width, and still find a few specialized uses, but technical pens such as the Rapidograph are more commonly used. Modern types also include ballpoint, rollerball, fountain, and felt or ceramic tip pens. [l] Contents [hide] * 1 Modern pens * 2 Historic pens * 3 History * 4 Manufacturers * 4. 1 United States * 5 See also * 6 References * 7 External links I [edit] Modern pens The main modern types of pens can be categorized by the kind of writing tip or point: A mark made on paper with a rollerball pen, and the tip of that pen * A ballpoint pen dispenses viscous oil-based ink by rolling a small hard sphere, usually 0. 7- 1. 2 mm and made of brass, steel or tungsten carbide. We will write a custom essay sample on Quality of Ball Pen or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page [2] The ink dries almost immediately on contact with paper. The ballpoint pen is usually reliable and inexpensive. [citation needed] It has replaced the fountain pen as the most common tool for everyday writing. * A fountain pen uses water-based liquid ink delivered through a nib. The ink flows from a reservoir through a feed to the nib, then through the nib, due to capillary action and gravity. The nib has no moving parts and delivers ink through a thin slit to the writing surface. A fountain pen reservoir can be refillable or disposable, this disposable type being an ink cartridge. A pen with a refillable reservoir may have a mechanism, such as a piston, to draw ink from a bottle through the nib, or it may require refilling with an eyedropper. Refill reservoirs, also known as cartridge converters, are available for some pens which use disposable cartridges. A fountain pen * A marker, or felt-tip pen, has a porous tip of fibrous material. The smallest, finest- tipped markers are used for writing on paper. Medium-tip markers are often used by children for coloring and drawing. Larger markers are used for writing on other surfaces such as corrugated boxes, whiteboards and for chalkboards, often called liquid chalk or chalkboard markers. Markers with wide tips and bright but transparent ink, called highlighters, are used to mark existing text. Markers designed for children or for temporary writing (as with a whiteboard or overhead projector) ypically use non-permanent inks. Large markers used to label shipping cases or other packages are usually permanent markers. * A rollerball pen dispenses a water-based liquid or gel ink through a ball tip similar to that of a ballpoint pen. The less-viscous ink is more easily absorbed by paper than oil-based ink, and the pen moves more easily across a writing surface. The rollerball pen was initially designed to combine the convenience of a ballpoint pen with the smooth wet ink effect of a fountain pen. Gel inks are available in a range of colors, including metallic paint

Quotes From Alice in Wonderland

Quotes From Alice in Wonderland Here are some of the best conversations between Alice and other characters  in Alice in Wonderland. These quotes are humorous, yet enlightening, containing both satire and wisdom. Alice and The Caterpillar Caterpillar: Who are YOU? Alice: This was not an encouraging opening for a conversation. I I hardly know, sir, just at present at least I know who I was when I got up this morning, but I think I must have been changed several times since then. The Duchess I quite agree with you. And the moral of that is: Be what you would seem to be, or if youd like it put more simply: Never imagine yourself not to be otherwise than what it might appear to others that what you were or might have been was not otherwise than what you had been would have appeared to them to be otherwise.   Alice and The Cheshire Cat Alice: But I dont want to go among mad people. The Cat: Oh, you cant help that. Were all mad here. Im mad. Youre mad. Alice: How do you know Im mad? The Cat: You must be. Or you wouldnt have come here. Alice: And how do you know that youre mad? The Cat: To begin with, a dogs not mad. You grant that? Alice: I suppose so, The Cat: Well, then, you see, a dog growls when its angry, and wags its tail when its pleased. Now I growl when Im pleased, and wag my tail when Im angry. Therefore Im mad. Alice and The Mad Hatter   Alice: Ive had nothing yet, so I cant take more. The Hatter: You mean you cant take less; its very easy to take more than nothing. Alice and The White Queen The White Queen: Can you do addition? Whats one and one and one and one and one and one and one and one and one and one? Alice: I dont know. I lost count.   Alice, The Gryphon, and The Mock Turtle Alice: And how many hours a day did you do lessons? The Mock Turtle: Ten hours the first day, nine the next, and so on. Alice: What a curious plan! The Gryphon: Thats the reason theyre called lessons, because they lessen from day to day.

Definition and Examples of Audience Analysis

Definition and Examples of Audience Analysis In the preparation of a speech or a composition, audience analysis is the process of determining the values, interests, and attitudes of the intended or projected  listeners or readers. Karl Terryberry notes that successful writers tailor their messages . . . to the needs and values of the audience. . . . Defining the audience helps writers set communication goals (Writing for the Health Professions, 2005). Examples and Observations of Audience Analysis The goals of clarity, propriety, and persuasiveness dictate that we adapt our arguments, as well as the language in which they are cast, to an audience. Even a well-constructed argument may fail to convince if it is not adapted to your actual audience.Adapting arguments to an audience means that we must know something about the audience we are addressing. The process of audience adaptation begins with an effort to construct an accurate profile of the audience members that considers such factors as their age, race, and economic status; their values and beliefs; and their attitudes toward you and your topic. (James A. Herrick, Argumentation: Understanding and Shaping Arguments. Strata, 2007) Audience Analysis in Business Writing Youre in a new job and eager to impress. So dont let your heart sink if your first big task is to write a report. Its likely to be read by a whole raft of people- and that could include the managing director. . . .A great deal of thinking should go into the report before you actually start to write anything, says Park Sims, adviser to Industrial Society Learning and Development and a director of Park Sims Associates. . .You cannot overestimate the importance of audience analysis, says Park. Are they friends or enemies, competitors or customers? All that will influence mightily what level of detail you go into and what language and style of writing you use. What do they know about the subject already? Can you use jargon? (Karen Hainsworth, Wowing Your Executive Audience. The Guardian, May 25, 2002)Audience analysis is  always a central task in document planning. In most cases, you discover that you must address multiple audiences with varied reasons for using your document. Some wil l need help getting started; others will want to use  the product at advanced levels . . ..When you have pictured the users of your document and their motives and goals, you are better able to organize information to be most helpful to your audience. (James G. Paradis and Muriel L. Zimmerman, The MIT Guide to Science and Engineering Communication, 2nd ed. The MIT Press, 2002) Audience Analysis in Composition [A]n audience analysis guide sheet can be an effective intervention tool for student writers. The worksheet that follows can be used for this purpose, even when students are using new media. Who is my audience? Who do I want my audience to be? What knowledge about the subject does my audience already have?What does my audience think, believe, or understand about this topic before he or she reads my essay?What do I want my audience to think, believe, or understand  about this topic after he or she reads my essay?How do I want my audience to think of me? What role do I want to play in addressing my audience? (Irene L. Clark, Concepts in Composition: Theory and Practice in the Teaching of Writing, 2nd ed. Routledge, 2012) Analyzing an Audience in Public Speaking You might think about these questions as the who, what, where, when, and whys of audience interaction: Who is in this audience?What opinions does your audience already have about the topic you are presenting?Where are you addressing the audience? What things about the context or occasion might influence your audience members interest and dispositions?When are you addressing the audience? This is not just a matter of the time of day, but also why your topic is timely for the audience.Why would your audience be interested in your topic? Why should these people make a particular judgment, change their minds, or take a specific action? In other words, how does your goal intersect with their interests, concerns, and aspirations? This analysis will help you figure out how to make effective choices in your speech.(William Keith and Christian O. Lundberg, Public Speaking: Choice and Responsibility, 2nd. ed. Wadsworth, 2016) George Campbell (1719-1796) and Audience Analysis [Campbells] notions on audience analysis and adaptation and on language control and style perhaps have had the longest range influence on rhetorical practice and theory. With considerable foresight, he told prospective speakers what they need to know about audiences in general and audiences in particular. . . .[In The Philosophy of Rhetoric, Campbell] moved to an analysis of the things which a speaker should know about his particular audience. These include such matters as educational level, moral culture, habits, occupation, political leanings, religious affiliations, and locale. (James L. Golden, The Rhetoric of Western Thought, 8th ed. Kendall/Hunt, 2004) Audience Analysis and the New Rhetoric The New Rhetoric recognizes situation (or context) as the basic principle of communication and revives invention as an indispensable component of rhetoric. In so doing, it establishes audience and audience analysis as important to the rhetorical process and vital to invention. [Chaim] Perelmans and [Stephen] Toulmins theories especially establish audience belief as the basis for all rhetorical activity (which covers most written and spoken discourse), and as the starting point for the construction of arguments. Later, theorists applied the insights of New Rhetoric theory specifically to composition theory and instruction. (Theresa Enos, ed., Encyclopedia of Rhetoric and Composition: Communication from Ancient Times to the Information Age. Taylor Francis, 1996) Hazards and Limitations of Audience Analysis [I]f you pay so much attention to the audience that you inhibit your self-expression, audience analysis has gone too far. (Kristin R. Woolever, About Writing: A Rhetoric for Advanced Writers. Wadsworth, 1991)As Lisa Ede and Andrea Lunsford point out, a key element of much audience analysis is the assumption that knowledge of the audiences attitudes, beliefs, and expectations is not only possible (via observation and analysis) but essential (1984, 156). . .Due to the pervasiveness of an audience-oriented inventional strategy in the history of rhetoric, numerous analytic methods have been developed over the years to aid the rhetor in this hermeneutic task. From Aristotles early efforts to categorize audience responses to George Campbells attempts at engaging the findings of faculty psychology to contemporary demographic attempts to apply cognitive psychology, the tradition offers a vast array of tools for audience analysis, each of which relies on some visible criteria in order to dete rmine an audiences beliefs or values.Nevertheless, these efforts to infer attitudes and beliefs from more observable phenomenon present the analyst with a host of difficulties. One of the most sensitive problems is that the results of such analyses frequently end up looking like a politically egregious form of stereotyping (not unlike the practice of racial profiling). (John Muckelbauer, The Future of Invention: Rhetoric, Postmodernism, and the Problem of Change. SUNY Press, 2008)

Active Range of Motion in the Cervical Spine Increases Article

Active Range of Motion in the Cervical Spine Increases - Article Example This is considered in general to be worthwhile. The participants are the result of an advertising effort. It is known that there were 109. It should be possible to know how many were available. These participants chose themselves. It would have been better if they were chosen from a pool as determined by the researchers. It shows the Chiropractors doing the actual testing. Maybe they should have supervised the tests rather than be actually doing them. Then the instrument readings should be interpreted by the chiropractors. In addition, there should be interpretations by other competent professionals. The interpretation of the two professionals should be considered. The F-distribution is helpful in measuring the ranges of the population. This choice presupposes that there is a difference in the ranges between the participants. The variances can be considered against some other standard or expected data. There were Chiropractors doing the manipulation. It is not clear if the same type of posture was used in the uncontrolled studies. Different types of studies of necessity will provide different results. The uncontrolled study seems to be investigating a change in motion. This controlled study is designed to observe a change in motion. In addition, this controlled study seeks to observe an additional result. It seeks to establish the length of time after the observed change in motion. There is no provision made for the level of pain experienced. How would we measure the pain level from slight to severe? The participants were selected based on the report of the participants. Headaches can be caused and relieved by factors other than movement. There is no indication that the headaches were verified by a professional. The possible difficulty here is that we indicated no certainty as to the link between a headache and the other aspects of the patient. Every aspect is relevant.

Types of Research Methods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Types of Research Methods - Essay Example The paper tells that the factors that govern the methodology employed include; subtype of research necessary, subject selection for the research study, a decision on how to sample, a possibility of a pilot study to ensure the validity of the process through various research methods. Singh agrees that central to literature, research methodology is the type of research to be undertaken. There are two key types of research. They are qualitative research and quantitative research. Research methodology is dependent on these two factors. Qualitative research seeks to investigate intangible aspects of literature; especially about emotions, meanings, and descriptions. The intangibles under investigation are values, beliefs or ideas. Quantitative research seeks to verify existing explanations, regarding etiological aspects of a story, through measurement of variables. When reporting a researcher applies a number of research methods that are specific to certain techniques of research. The type s of research methods applicable include observation, survey, contact method and experimental method. Each of these methods has strengths and limitations. In essence, to indulge inaccurate data collection, one needs to be aware of the said aspects of the data collection methods to make the necessary adjustments to the data that result whenever warranted. This refers to the research method that employs the use of researcher’s eyes, watching the study area to gather information. Data collected by observation is primary data. The data collected is complete since the researcher knows what he is looking for when he goes to the field to observe. The research techniques influence the subtypes of the observation method that will be applicable. The first subtype is the structured observation. This is the main subtype employed for descriptive purposes of observation. Unstructured observation, on the other hand, is employed with a view of formulating explanations to a research question and validating it given hypothesis or otherwise.

The Health and Safety at work Act 1974 Essay Example for Free

The Health and Safety at work Act 1974 Essay All workers have a right to work in places where risks to their health and safety are properly controlled. Health and safety is about stopping you getting hurt at work or ill through work. Your employer is responsible for health and safety, but you must help. What employers must do for you. Decide what could harm you in your job and the precautions to stop it. This is part of risk assessment in any way you can understand, explain how risks will be controlled and tell you who is responsible Consult and work with you and you health and safety representative in protecting everyone from harm and in the workplace Give you the health and safety training you need to do your job free charge. Free of charge, provide you with any equipment and protective clothing you need, and ensure it is properly looked after Provide toilets, washing facilities and drinking water Provide adequate first-aid facilities.

Essay --

The Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (KABC) The Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children is designed by Alan Kaufman and Nadeen Kaufman in 1983 for assessing mental processing and cognitive development in children. It was revised in 2004 as the KABC -II. First edition is used for children between the ages of 2,5 and 12,5 whereas the revised edition is used for children and adolescents between 3 and 18 years of age. There are two theoratical models in KABC-II. They are the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) psychometric model of broad and narrow abilities and Luria’s neuropsychological theory of processing. KABC-II consists of 18 subtests of two types: core and supplemantary. These subtests are grouped into 4 or 5 scales according to age and model. Luria’s model has Sequential Processing Scale, Simultaneous Processing Scale, Learning Ability and Planning Ability. CHC model has same scales but it renames them. They are Short Term Memory (Gsm), Visual Processing (Gv), Long Term Storage and Retrieval (Glr) and Fluid Reasoning (Gf) respectively. Also it has one more scale which name is Know...

Midterm for Information System

MIS EXAM – QUESTIONS 1) Developing a new product, fulfilling an order, and hiring a new employee are examples of business processes. Answer: True False 2) A fully digital firm produces only digital goods or services. Answer: True False 3) A business model describes how a company produces, delivers, and sells a product or service to create wealth. Answer: True False 4) Information technology (IT) consists of all the hardware that a firm needs to use in order to achieve its business objectives, whereas information systems consist of all the software and business processes needed.Answer: True False 5) Computers are only part of an information system. Answer: True False 6) The dimensions of information systems are management, organizations, and information technology. Answer: True False 7) In order to understand how a specific business firm uses information systems, you need to know something about the hierarchy and culture of the company. Answer: True False 8) Business processes are logically related tasks for accomplishing tasks that have been formally encoded by an organization. Answer: True False ) A substantial part of management responsibility is creative work driven by new knowledge and information. Answer: True False 10) Intranets allow firms to work easily with third-party suppliers and vendors. Answer: True False 11) An IT infrastructure provides the platform on which the firm can build its information systems. Answer: True False 12) The six important business objectives of information technology are new products, services, and business models; customer and supplier intimacy; survival; competitive advantage; operational excellence; and A) improved flexibility.B) improved decision making. C) improved business practices. D) improved efficiency. Answer: B 13) Which of the following choices may lead to competitive advantage: (1) new products, services, and business models; (2) charging less for superior products; (3) responding to customers in real tim e? A) 1 only B) 1 and 2 C) 2 and 3 D) 1, 2, and 3 Answer: D 14) The move of retail banking to use ATMs after Citibank unveiled its first ATMs illustrates the use of information systems to achieve which business objective? A) improved efficiency B) customer and supplier intimacy C) survival D) competitive advantageAnswer: C 15) The three activities in an information system that produce the information organizations use to control operations are A) information retrieval, research, and analysis. B) input, output, and feedback. C) input, processing, and output. D) data analysis, processing, and feedback. Answer: C 16) Output A) is feedback that has been processed to create meaningful information. B) is information that is returned to appropriate members of the organization to help them evaluate the input stage. C) transfers data to the people who will use it or to the activities for which it will be used.D) transfers processed information to the people who will use it or to the activiti es for which it will be used. Answer: D 17) Converting raw data into a more meaningful form is called A) capturing. B) processing. C) organizing. D) feedback. Answer: B 18) The fundamental set of assumptions, values, and ways of doing things that has been accepted by most of a company's members is called its A) culture. B) environment. C) atmosphere. D) values. Answer: A 19) The hardware and software used to transfer data in an organization is called A) data management technology. B) networking and data management technology.C) data and telecommunications technology. D) networking and telecommunications technology. Answer: D 20) Networking and telecommunications technologies, along with computer hardware, software, data management technology, and the people required to run and manage them, constitute an organization's A) data management environment. B) networked environment. C) IT infrastructure. D) information system. Answer: C 21) From a business perspective, raw data is transform ed systematically during various stages, transforming it into valuable information, in a process called A) the information value chain.B) the IT value chain. C) information processing. D) feedback. Answer: A 22) The costs for firms operating on a global scale have been drastically reduced by A) networking technology. B) investments in organizational complementary assets. C) the Internet. D) the rise of digital content. Answer: C 23) Which of the following are key corporate assets? A) intellectual property, core competencies, and financial and human assets B) production technologies and business processes for sales, marketing, and finance C) knowledge and the firm's tangible assets, such as goods or services D) time and knowledgeAnswer: A 25) Overproduction or underproduction of goods and services, misallocation of resources, and poor response times are the results of a firm's having A) poor relationships with suppliers. B) poor relationships with customers. C) inadequate information . D) a surplus of information. Answer: C 25) A firm that must invest in new information systems capabilities in order to comply with federal legislation can be said to be investing to achieve which business objective? A) customer intimacy B) operational excellence C) survival D) improved reporting Answer: C 6) Operational management is responsible for directing the day-to-day operations of the business and therefore needs transaction-level information. Answer: True False 27) You would use an MIS to help decide whether to introduce a new product line. Answer: True False 28) Transaction processing systems are most commonly used by the senior management level of an organization. Answer: True False 29) A transaction processing system is a computerized system that performs and records the daily routine transactions necessary to conduct business. Answer: True False 0) Management information systems typically support nonroutine decision making. Answer: True False 31) Functional systems tha t support business processes within a single functional group, such as human resources, are being phased out in favor of cross-functional systems. Answer: True False 32) Managers need TPSs to monitor the status of internal operations and the firm's relations with the external environment. Answer: True False 33) Decision-support systems help managers make decisions that are unique, rapidly changing, and not easily specified in advance.Answer: True False 34) Decision-support systems use internal information as well as information from external sources. Answer: True False 35) ESSs are designed to serve the middle management of the organization. Answer: True False 36) ESSs are designed to incorporate data about external events, but they also draw summarized information from internal MIS and DSS. Answer: True False 37) Enterprise systems often include transactions with customers and vendors. Answer: True False 38) Supply chain management systems are more externally oriented than enterpri se systems.Answer: True False 39) Which of the following is an example of a cross-functional business process? A) identifying customers B) creating a new product C) assembling a product D) paying creditors Answer: B 40) Which type of system would you use to change a production schedule if a key supplier was late in delivering goods? A) ESS B) TPS C) MIS D) DSS Answer: B 41) To monitor the status of internal operations and the firm's relations with the external environment, managers need ________ systems. A) decision-support B) knowledge C) transaction processing D) management information Answer: C 2) Which systems are typically a major source of data for other systems? A) transaction processing systems B) management information systems C) executive support systems D) decision-support systems Answer: A 43) Which type of system would you use to determine the five suppliers with the worst record in delivering goods on time? A) ESS B) TPS C) MIS D) DSS Answer: C 44) A relocation control system that reports summaries on the total moving, house-hunting, and home financing costs for employees in all company divisions would fall into the category of A) knowledge management systems.B) transaction processing systems. C) executive support systems. D) management information systems. Answer: D 45) The term â€Å"management information systems† designates a specific category of information systems serving A) integrated data processing throughout the firm. B) transaction process reporting. C) employees with online access to historical records. D) middle management functions. Answer: D 46) Non-typical business problems with causes and effects that are rapidly changing are typically handled by which type of information system ? A) MIS B) TPS C) ESSD) DSS Answer: D 47)________ systems are especially suited to situations in which the procedure for arriving at a solution may not be fully defined in advance. A) Management information B) Transaction processing C) Decision-su pport D) Knowledge management Answer: C 48) Which type of system would you use to forecast the return on investment if you used new suppliers with better delivery track records? A) ESS B) TPS C) MIS D) DSS Answer: D 49) ESS are specifically designed to serve which level of the organization? A) operational B) end-user C) middle managementD) senior management Answer: D 50) Executive support systems are information systems that support the A) long-range planning activities of senior management. B) knowledge and data workers in an organization. C) decision-making and administrative activities of middle managers. D) day-to-day processes of production. Answer: A 51) Which type of system would you use to determine what trends in your supplier's industry will affect your firm the most in five years? A) ESS B) TPS C) MIS D) DSS Answer: A 52) What is the most important function of an enterprise application?A) increasing speed of communicating B) enabling business functions and departments to share information C) enabling a company to work collaboratively with customers and suppliers D) enabling cost-effective e-business processes Answer: B 53) ________ are designed to support organization-wide process coordination and integration. A) Decision-support systems B) Management information systems C) CRM systems D) Enterprise applications Answer: D 54) Enterprise systems are also known as ________ systems. A) resource planning B) enterprise resource planning C) enterprise supportD)management information Answer: B 55) ________ systems are designed to help firms manage their relationships with their customers. A) CRM B) MIS C) CLE D) CLU Answer: A 56) Which types of systems consolidate the relevant knowledge and experience in the firm to make it available to improve business processes and management decision making? A) TPS B) extranets C) KMS D) CRM Answer: C 57) Which of the following types of system helps expedite the flow of information between the firm and its suppliers and customers? A) intranet B) extranet C) KMS D) TPS Answer: B 8) Which of the following is not one of the fifteen categories of collaborative software tools? A) file sharing B) event scheduling C) white boarding D) extranets Answer: D 59) You work for a highly successful advertiser that is just about to expand nationally. Of utmost importance will be finding a way to store and disseminate their clients' continually updated branding guides, which include multiple image files and text documents, to all of the firm's branches. What system will best serve these needs? A) an intranet with KMS capabilities B) an extranet with KMS capabilitiesC) a TPS with KMS capabilities D) a CRM Answer: B 60) You have been hired by a worldwide non-profit agency to implement a system to handle their donations. The system must be able to handle and record telephone, sms, and Internet donations, provide up-to-the-minute reports, and create highly customizable mailing lists. In addition, event fundraisers nee d to be able to quickly access a donor's information and history. Which of the following systems will best meet these needs? A) TPS B) TPS with DSS capabilities C) TPS with MIS capabilities D) TPS with ESS capabilities Answer: C 1) The interaction between information systems and organizations is influenced A) primarily by the decision making of middle- and senior-managers. B) by many factors, including structure, politics, culture, and environment. C) by two main microeconomic forces: capital and labor. D) primarily by the organization's business processes and culture. Answer: B 62) An organization is a A) stable, formal social structure that takes resources from the environment and processes them to produce outputs. B) formal, legal entity with internal rules and procedures that must abide by laws. C) collection of social elements.D) B and C E) A, B, and C Answer: E 63) How does the technical view of organizations fall short of understanding the full impacts of information systems in a firm? A) It sees information systems as a way to rearrange the inputs and outputs of the organization. B) It sees capital and labor as primary production factors. C) It sees the inputs and outputs, labor and capital, as being infinitely malleable. D) It sees the organization as a social structure similar to a machine. Answer: C 64) All of the following are major features of organizations that impact the use of information systems EXCEPT for A) business processesB) environments C) goals D) agency costs Answer: D 65) Business processes are collections of A) informal practices and behaviors. B) formalized and documented practices. C) routines. D) rights and privileges. Answer: C 66) The costs incurred when a firm buys on the marketplace what it cannot make itself are referred to as A) switching costs. B) transaction costs. C) procurement. D) agency costs. Answer: B 67) Which of the following statements is NOT true about information technology's impacts on business firms? A) It hel ps firms expand in size.B) It helps firms lower the cost of market participation. C) It helps reduce internal management costs. D) It helps reduce transaction costs. Answer: A 68) According to agency theory, the firm is viewed as a(n) A) unified, profit-maximizing entity. B) task force organization that must respond to rapidly changing environments. C) entrepreneurial endeavor. D) â€Å"nexus of contracts† among self-interested individuals. Answer: D 69) The ________ model is used to describe the interaction of external forces that affect an organization's strategy and ability to compete.A) network economics B) competitive forces C) competitive advantage D) demand control Answer: B 70) Which of the following industries has a low barrier to entry? A) automotive B) computer chip C) restaurant D) airline Answer: C 71) Which of the following is NOT one of the competitive forces? A) suppliers B) other competitors C) external environment D) customers Answer: C 72) A manufacturer of deep-sea oil rigs may be least concerned about this marketplace force. A) product differentiation B) traditional competitors C) low number of suppliers D) new market entrants Answer: D 3) A firm can exercise greater control over its suppliers by having A) more suppliers. B) fewer suppliers. C) global suppliers. D) local suppliers. Answer: A 74) The four major types of competitive strategy are A) low-cost leadership; substitute products and services; customers; and suppliers. B) low-cost leadership; product differentiation; focus on market niche; and customer and supplier intimacy. C) new market entrants; substitute products and services; customers; and suppliers. D) low-cost leadership; new market entrants; product differentiation; and focus on market niche.Answer: B 75) When a firm provides a specialized product or service for a narrow target market better than competitors, they are using a ________ strategy. A) product differentiation B) market niche C) mass customization D) proc ess efficiency Answer: B 76) ________ is the ability to offer individually tailored products or services using the same production resources as bulk production. A) Mass customization B) Size customization C) Magnitude customization D) Dimension customization Answer: A 77) Hilton Hotels' use of customer information software to identify the most rofitable customers to direct services to is an example of using information systems to A) strengthen customer intimacy. B) differentiate their service. C) focus on market niche. D) increase efficiency. Answer: C 78) An information system can enable a company to focus on a market niche through A) complex trend forecasting. B) tailoring products to the client. C) intensive product trend analysis. D) intensive customer data analysis. Answer: D 79) Upon which of the following industries has the Internet as a whole been a disruptive technology? A) bill payments B) air travelC) books D) real estate Answer: B 80) Internet technology A) makes it easy for rivals to compete on price alone. B) imposes a significant cost of entry, due to infrastructure requirements. C) increases the difference between competitors because of the wide availability of information. D) makes it easy to sustain operational advantages. Answer: A 81) The Internet raises the bargaining power of customers by A) creating new opportunities for building loyal customer bases. B) making more products available. C) making information available to everyone. D) lowering transaction costs.Answer: C 82) A virtual company A) uses the capabilities of other companies without being physically tied to those companies. B) uses Internet technology to maintain a virtual storefront. C) uses Internet technology to maintain a networked community of users. D) provides entirely Internet-driven services, or virtual products. Answer: A 83) The four key technical trends responsible for current ethical stresses related to information technology are (1) doubling of computer power every 18 months, (2) data analysis advances, (3) declining data storage costs, and (4) ________.A) advances in wireless networking B) international standards for data protection C) networking advances and the Internet D) increased ease in file sharing and copying Answer: C 84) The use of computers to combine data from multiple sources and create electronic dossiers of detailed information on individuals is called A) profiling. B) phishing. C) spamming. D) targeting. Answer: A 85) Accepting the potential costs, duties, and obligations for the decisions you make is referred to as A) responsibility. B) accountability. C) liability. D) due process. Answer: A 6) The feature of political systems in which a body of laws is in place that permits individuals to recover the damages done to them by other actors, systems, or organizations is referred to as A) accountability. B) responsibility. C) due process. D) liability. Answer: D 87) The feature of social institutions that means mechanisms are in place to determine responsibility for an action is called A) due process. B) accountability. C) the courts of appeal. D) the judicial system. Answer: B 88) Which of the following is not one of the five steps discussed in the chapter as a process for analyzing an ethical issue?A) Assign responsibility. B) Identify the stakeholders. C) Identify the options you can reasonably take. D) Identify and clearly describe the facts. Answer: A 89) The ethical â€Å"no free lunch† rule states that A) if an action cannot be taken repeatedly, then it is not right to be taken at any time. B) one should take the action that produces the least harm or incurs the least cost. C) one can put values in rank order and understand the consequences of various courses of action. D) everything is owned by someone else, and that the creator wants compensation for this work. Answer: D 0) European privacy protection is ________ than in the United States. A) less far-reaching B) less liable to laws C) much less stringent D) much more stringent Answer: D 91) The Internet has made the protection of intellectual property A) more difficult, because of the lack of enforcable regulations. B) easier, because of the proliferation of creative and professional software. C) more difficult, because of the ease of copying and transmitting digitized media. D) easier, because of the ability to track user behavior and visits to Web sites and file-sharing services.Answer: C 92) When a cookie is created during a Web site visit, it is stored A) on the Web site computer. B) on the visitor's computer. C) on the ISP's computer. D) in a Web directory. Answer: B 93) The Online Privacy Alliance A) encourages self-regulation to develop a set of privacy guidelines for its members. B) protects user privacy during interactions with Web sites. C) has established technical guidelines for ensuring privacy. D) is a government agency regulating the use of customer information. Answer: A 4) Intellectual property can b est be described as A) intangible property created by individuals or corporations. B) the expression of an intangible idea. C) unique creative work or ideas. D) tangible or intangible property created from a unique idea. Answer: A 95) A limitation of trade secret protection for software is that A) it does not protect against copying the underlying ideas behind the software. B) it is difficult to compare one piece of software to another. C) it is difficult to prevent the ideas in the work from falling into the public domain.D) few software programs contain truly unique elements. Answer: C 96) The strength of patent protection is that it A) puts the strength of law behind copyright. B) allows protection from Internet theft of ideas put forth publicly. C) is easy to define. D) grants a monopoly on underlying concepts and ideas. Answer: D 97) One of the difficulties of patent protection is A) that only the underlying ideas are protected. B) digital media cannot be patented. C) preventin g the ideas from falling into public domain. D) the years of waiting to receive it. Answer: D 8) In general, it is very difficult to hold software producers liable for their software products when those products are considered to be A) part of a machine. B) similar to books. C) services. D) artistic expressions. Answer: B 99) The most common source of business system failure is A) software bugs. B) software errors. C) hardware or facilities failures. D) data quality. Answer: D 100) Two of the three principal sources of poor system performance are A) software bugs and errors and outdated standards. B) hardware or facility failures and malware.C) hardware or facility failures and poor input data quality. D) poor input data quality and insufficient integration with legacy systems. Answer: C 101) The practice of spamming has been growing because A) telephone solicitation is no longer legal. B) it is good advertising practice and brings in many new customers. C) it helps pay for the Inte rnet. D) it is so inexpensive and can reach so many people. Answer: D 102) Which of the five moral dimensions of the information age does spamming raise? A) quality of life B) system quality C) accountability and control D) information rights and obligations Answer: A

Compassion Fatigue Essay

― Tahereh Mafi, Shatter Me The health care industry is made up of nurses, doctors, and other medical professionals who are dedicated to the care and healing of others. The modern medical field is a very fast-paced, stressful, and demanding environment. Often, the constant stress and demands of the job can adversely affect the healthcare provider. Not surprisingly, those who go into the healthcare industry, do so because they have a sincere desire to make a difference in people’s lives and provide care for a patient’s spiritual, mental, and physical needs. However, this type of career requires energy and dedication way beyond that of other comparable careers. â€Å"Compassion fatigue† is a common side-effect. â€Å"Compassion fatigue† can be defined as, â€Å"the gradual decline of compassion over time as a result of caregivers being exposed to events that have traumatized their patients (Cherry 497).† In fact, the damage that results from this condition has been linked to more sick days, high turnover rates, and decreased productivity. If left untreated, this condition can adversely affect patient safety, so it is vital that hospitals and healthcare providers are able to accurately recognize compassion fatigue and treat it early. (Landro, L. 2012) Compassion is an important and critical gift necessary for the care of others. Compassion can be defined as, â€Å"sympathetic consciousness of others’ distress together with a desire to alleviate it† (Merriam-Webster 2013). No one is immune to compassion fatigue. In fact, anyone caring for another person can suffer from it. However, compassion fatigue is more prevalent in the health care industry due to the extenuating nature of the work. The reality is that healthcare providers have an exhausting array of job duties that entail lengthy shifts, selfless service, endless dedication, love, and compassion. Due to the extreme demands, medical professionals often neglect their own personal needs for the sake of others. Every single day, healthcare professionals come face to face with disease, illness, decline in health, and death. Over time, it can be incredibly traumatizing. â€Å"Compassion is a verb.† ― Thich Nhat Hanh If not prevented or left untreated, â€Å"compassion fatigue† can negatively affect a caregiver emotionally, spiritually, cognitively, physically and behaviorally. Warning signs can manifest themselves in a variety of ways. The emotional effects of compassion fatigue can include mood disturbances, increased apathy, lassitude, irritability, discontentment, hopelessness, aggressiveness, hostility, numbness, and helplessness. (Eagan, T. 2012) Other signs may include oversensitivity, restlessness, depression, anxiety, and even substance abuse. (Lombardo, B., Eyre, C., 2011) The spiritual effects of compassion fatigue may often be harder to pinpoint. Warning signs may include subtle things such as starting to question one’s purpose in life, an increasing sense of disbelief or an increasing sense of aimlessness. (Ginter, C. 2010). The caregiver may start to question their personal religious beliefs, become increasingly skeptical and even question life’s meaning. (Portnoy, D. 2011) The cognitive effects of compassion fatigue can be easier to identify. It’s easy to observe when someone is having difficulty concentrating or is unable to focus on tasks and duties that are critical to the job. The work ethic and performance of the healthcare provider may also be affected, resulting in increased absences, low morale, decreased motivation, and overall negativity in the workplace. This not only affects the healthcare provider, but also their co-workers and patients. The physical effects of compassion fatigue can include, but are not limited to headaches, chronic pain, sleep disturbances, fatigue, and self neglect (poor diet, lack of exercise, poor hygiene). (Eagan, T. 2012) Other physical effects can include gastrointestinal complaints, hypertension, (Pfifferling, J., Gilley, K. 2000) muscle tension and cardiac symptoms (chest pain, tachycardia, and palpitations. (Lombardo, B., Eyre, C., 2011) Behavioral changes can include â€Å"isolating†, withdrawing, extreme hyper-vigilance, (Portnoy, D. 2011) apathy or extreme attention to work, avoiding, faking interest, blaming, restlessness, and even inappropriate humor (Ginter, C. 2010). â€Å"I would rather make mistakes in kindness and compassion than work miracles in unkindness and hardness.† ― Mother Teresa, A Gift for God: Prayers and Meditations Although compassion fatigue can be an easy problem to identify, the specific causes of this condition are often varied and harder to pinpoint. The stressful nature of a healthcare career can certainly create â€Å"the perfect storm†. Overall, health care professionals can feel stressed about things like control over workload, lack of recognition or appreciation of doing a good job. Lifestyle changes can also cause compassion fatigue. If the person is working too much without taking time off to relax, taking on too much responsibility with no help from others, not getting enough sleep, or not having a supportive relationship in their personal life, it becomes easier for compassion fatigue to develop. People with certain personality traits (pessimistic, perfectionist, those who do not delegate, and type A, and overachievers) are particularly predisposed to experiencing compassion fatigue or burnout. The constant exposure to negative situations, stress, loss, and giving more than receiving, in addition to having a more intense personality, can increase the risk of developing compassion fatigue. (Frandsen, B. 2010) â€Å"Compassion fatigue is caused by empathy. It is the natural consequence of stress resulting from caring for and helping traumatized or suffering people† (Portnoy, D. 2011). In the medical field, nurses, doctors, and other health care providers often witness pain, suffering and death first-hand. They play numerous roles with less time, resources and support. The increased demands and stress along with the constant exposure to negative and traumatic events can build up over time and put anyone at risk for compassion fatigue. â€Å"Love and compassion are necessities, not luxuries. Without them, humanity cannot survive.† ― Dalai Lama XIV, The Art of Happiness A caregiver is not so different from a patient. Both caregiver and patient have physical, spiritual, and emotional needs that must be met. When their own needs are neglected, caregivers are unable to properly care for their patients. In short, they’re hurting themselves as well as the patients. Maintaining regular exercise, staying hydrated, staying productive, eating healthy and taking time to rest and relax are critical ways to reduce the chances of developing compassion fatigue. Although spiritual beliefs may be different from person to person, it is vital to nourish and grow in one’s faith. Those needs may be different depending on beliefs and may include going to church on a regular basis, taking the time to pray or meditate, speaking with a church leader, reading scriptures, or having time alone to reflect and think. There are many different ways a caregiver can begin to focus on their spiritual health. (StopPain.org 2013) Emotional needs are another important area that should be nurtured. Emotional needs are just as important as physical and spiritual needs. A caregiver may need time to mentally unwind, have peace and quiet, laugh and cry, and â€Å"tune in† to their personal experiences and emotions. Taking short breaks to renew emotional energy and doing things that bring you joy and happiness are ways to increase and improve emotional health. (StopPain.org 2013) By making sure the needs of the caregiver are met, the caregiver, patients, and even the company will benefit from it. There are many ways to cope with compassion fatigue. Perhaps the most important way of addressing the needs of the caregiver is to acknowledge compassion fatigue when necessary and take aggressive steps to assist caregivers in finding supportive coping strategies. Some coping strategies according to Varner, J. (2004) include: asking for assistance and support from peers or other support groups, staying positive, smiling and talking to peers, using humor to decrease anxiety and tension, giving comfort through physical contact, taking breaks with peers and not alone, using problem solving tools, generating solutions, and focusing specifically on tasks at hand. Learning how to balance work and life essentially means learning how to invest the time and energy into taking care of oneself in order to effectively take care of others. Putting together a plan of self-care (journaling, yoga, meditation, exercise, proper diet, doing things that you find pleasure in, and doing non work related activities) as well as educating yourself and others on communication skills is vital in preventing compassion fatigue. Employers can aid in combating compassion fatigue by offering on-site counseling, support groups, de-briefing sessions, and bereavement interventions (Boyle, D., 2011) that all work together to give employees the tools and skills needed for prevention. Early recognition of compassion fatigue is vital to anyone in a caring profession. Maintaining and constantly improving self-care and creating optimal wellness are crucial in order to properly care for others. .†Caregivers need to be able to deliver excellence without compromising their well-being†(Portnoy, D. 2011). Caregivers often neglect their own personal needs for the sake of others and need to realize the importance of focusing on their own needs first. By taking care of their own needs and ensuring they have a life that entails supportive relationships, health care providers will be able to successfully care for their patients long-term.

Accidental Hero Distorts the truth essays

Accidental Hero Distorts the truth essays The film Accidental Hero shows that the media distorts the truth. Discuss: The film Accidental Hero distorts the truth in a number of ways, both intentionally and unintentionally. The distortion by the media is mostly unintentional and throughout the duration of the movie a lie told by John Bubber, one of the main characters in Accidental Hero, is the foundation of the untruth. It is this lie that creates the underlying theme in the movie, that there is a time and a place to be completely truthful. There are three main intentional distortions of truth found in the movie. Firstly when John Bubber visits the hospital, secondly when John Bubber and Bernie Le Plante are sitting on a ledge above the city and thirdly when Bernie Le Plante is in a bar and a news reporter on the TV above his head claims several untruths. The lie told by John Bubber gave the media a way to create a superficial hero, through this they gained enormously in ratings which then led to a huge gain financially. Furthermore to improve their ratings even more they offered a 1 million dollar reward for the hero to come forward and participate in an interview. From then on more and more lies were told and all as a result of the lie told by John Bubber. Therefore this then proves that John Bubbers lie was the foundation of the untruth. The media and public are both partly responsible for the distortion of the truth. Though throughout the whole film only three intentional distortions by the media were found, thus saying that most of the films distortions were done unintentionally. One example of an intentional distortion carried out by the media was when John Bubber went to visit a badly blind boy at a childrens hospital and the day after the boy made a miraculous recovery. The media used this to their advantage, saying that John Bubber created a miracle when really they knew full well that it was just a coincidenc ...

How to Develop Verbal Interview Skills that Win the Job

How to Develop Verbal Interview Skills that Win the Job Say there are three candidates coming in to interview for an open position. Candidate #1 has a great resume, lots of experience. But she starts out nervous, fidgets, and tells rambling stories that get far away from the original question. About halfway through, she gets rather quiet (despair at the fizzling interview or just not knowing enough about the topics at hand?). She uses phrases like I guess I’m looking to leverage my experience, and the word uh pops up a lot.Candidate #2 has a solid resume, maybe a little light on experience. He starts out a little nervous, but makes it a point to tell specific, targeted stories about his experience, and uses a lot of good words: high-performing, solving problems, uniquely suited.Candidate #3 has an admittedly weak resume with little experience, but comes in with a bang. Strong handshake, eye contact that would make a bear stand down, and a slick, rehearsed answer for every question. In fact, it’s so rehearsed you can’t even tell what’s real from what might be fudged. She uses words like: phenomenal and no weaknesses. You’d probably buy a used car from her, but is she right for this job?So which one takes it? It could very well be #2, even without a perfect resume–because candidate #2 gives good interview. From this brief outline, it’s clear that candidate #1 squanders her good resume (which likely got her in the door) with a weak verbal performance in the interview. It’s possible the strength of her resume could get her another crack via a second interview, but you can’t count on a second chance. Candidate #3 comes off as too much. Too slick, too glib, too many bells and whistles that could be covering up serious deficiencies. Candidate #2 comes in just right, Goldilocks-style. Even if his resume may not have been as accomplished as #1’s, he uses his verbal skills to sell himself (without overselling like #3).Bottom line: your words matter, as does how you present them. You can spend all the time in the world fine-tuning your resume so that you look amazing on paper, but if you can’t back that up when it comes time to meet the hiring manager and perform, then you might well have talked your way out of a job you could have had. It’s so important to make sure that your interview persona includes strong, appropriate language, and that you’re expressing things clearly and professionally.Let’s walk through some of the most important talking points of an interview, and how to approach them.Be Honest- or At Least SEEM HonestEveryone has â€Å"tells† when they’re lying. Maybe you get an ever-so-subtle tic at the corner of your eyelid. Maybe you suddenly feel the need to fiddle with your watch. Whatever it is, if you’re less than truthful in a job interview, there’s a good chance that you’ve also tipped off your interviewer. A lot of tics and nervous reactions can be passe d off as nerves, but once there’s a whiff of dishonesty, that’s very hard to shake in an interview. Before the interview, try to get a handle on your verbal mannerisms, and practice giving interview-style answers without them.Part of this is making sure you appear genuine. If you agree with everything the interviewer says, or gloss over specifics with phrases like â€Å"I totally got this,† it comes off as glib- and maybe covering for other issues.If you claim expertise in something, be prepared to back it up with specifics. And if you’re going to exaggerate, make sure it’s in something that isn’t going to be apparent right away.If you put on your resume that you’re fluent in German, be prepared to make small talk with someone who just happened to spend a semester in Berlin.If you have something on your resume that you’re really trying to get around (read: a firing or performance issue), try not to outright lie about it. Even i f you successfully sell a lie to the interviewer, you risk being tripped up numerous other ways, like a background check or the interviewer just happening to know someone at your old company. If you’re asked directly about something unpleasant, don’t come up with excuses- those always sound hollow. Explain that things didn’t work out, and what you learned from the experience.Dishonesty or general dodginess will almost always be a dealbreaker, so it’s important to do everything you can to come across as an honest, forthright candidate who’s just right for this role.Like, Y’know, MannerismsThe biggest problem with verbal tics and mannerisms (like, y’know, uh, umm) is that we don’t always realize we’re doing it. So how to fix it? Practicing your repertoire of interview stories helps, as does slowing your speech down a bit.Knowing your conversational mannerisms helps too. Sit down with a trusted friend, and ask about whether they’ve noticed any of these verbal issues. Or give your interview spiel, and ask for feedback. Once you know, you can work on addressing them. In an interview, these can come across as you being nervous or you not feeling comfortable with what you’re saying, so you want to do everything you can to limit those unintentional habits.This applies to other bad habits, too, like apologizing for everything. Or using words like totally that express very little. [via Rymax Inc.]Taboo TopicsSome topics are just not appropriate for a job interview, and likely never will be. These are the conversational areas you should definitely avoid:Controversial TopicsReligion and politics are a no-go. Think Drumpf is going to Make Donald Drumpf Again? Enjoy shouting from the rooftops, â€Å"I’m with her† while wearing your best Hillary t-shirt? Doesn’t matter. Your party affiliation, and your political opinions stay checked at the door (or in your private Twitter feed) . Plus, you don’t want to pull the interviewer into a legal danger zone by discussing religion or other topics that they’re legally not allowed to ask you about.Personal LifeYou may well be going through a rough time, but telling the interviewer about your concerns about Fluffy McWhiskerton’s digestive issues is not only inappropriate, it’s a waste of the interviewer’s time. He or she is there to evaluate you as a potential employee, not as a concerned cat parent. If you see a picture of a cat on the interviewer’s desk, feel free to make a brief small talk comment about how you have your own furball at home, but then shift right back into go-get-‘em interview mode.Similarly, you won’t get any pity points by sharing your personal woes during the interview. In addition to being distracting, it can raise red flags about whether you’re equipped to give all of your attention to the (potential) job at hand.Complaints about Your Last JobIf you left your last job under less-than-great circumstances, or are interviewing at this new place because you just can’t stand to be in your current job anymore, none of that matters when you show up for the interview. It’s a fine line, because you’ll definitely be asked about your current or last job. You don’t have to sugarcoat anything, but don’t fall into the trap of complaining. It’s best to leave things a diplomatic and a little vague whenever possible, especially if you feel a rant coming on. And it’s best practice to never personally criticize someone, whether it’s a boss or a colleague. Remember: the interviewer is also evaluating you as a potential colleague†¦you don’t want to seem like a whiner, or worse, a behind-the-back-complainer.Questions Not to AskYou’ve heard the advice of â€Å"always go into an interview prepared with questions to ask,† right? That’s always going to be valid, but not all questions are created equally.â€Å"Are you going to do a background check?†You may or may not have shifty eyes while you’re saying this, but it’s always going to sound shady. If you’re asking about a background check, it’s probably because you’re concerned about a background check. And if you’re concerned about a background check, that’s a red flag. Even if it’s an idle question about the interview process, it will still raise an eyebrow. It’s better not to ask.â€Å"Do you monitor internet usage?†This one basically tells the interviewer that you’re looking for a cushy place to mess around, with an accessible water cooler. Sure, we all stray from our duties and find our way to Facebook during the day sometimes. But asking about it up front suggests that it’s your priority, when your priority should be the job opportunity right in front of you.â€Å"What does this job pay?†He who brings up money first, loses. (It’s an old proverb. Probably. If not, it should be.) Being the first to bring up salary makes it a lose-lose for you. Either you get a number that could have been higher later, after negotiation, or the interviewer thinks you’re too mercenary and not concentrating on how well you could do the job. Neither one is going to endear you to the interviewer. Save the money questions for the next step, when ideally you’ll be negotiating your new job offer like a pro.â€Å"What are the grounds for termination here?†Again, if you have to ask, you’re concerned about it. Think of the interview as the beginning- why would you want to talk about the end? You don’t want to raise even the smallest concern that you would be a fire-able employee.How you present yourself is such a major part of the interview process. The hiring manager already knows you look good on paper- hence the invitation to come in. Itâ €™s the same reason you dress your best and practice your handshake. Why not make sure you’re choosing and using your words and content to your best advantage? It can make you the â€Å"just right† candidate and get you to that next step: the job offer.

I can do anything as good as you Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

I can do anything as good as you - Essay Example Despite the optimistic perspective and the lure of higher income expected from the demands of the job, the experience of Eisenberg, and other women from the construction workforce indicated that the percentage was permanently pegged at 2 percent since 1980. In this regard, the essay aims to critically analyze the capacity of women to work on an equal footing with men, especially in professions that have been stereotyped as predominantly of men’s domain. The first and critical issue that needs to be addressed is can women do the job? Can women become carpenters, electricians, ironworkers, painters and plumbers? Despite the small percentage of the female gender that delved into these professions, Eisenberg proved that women can to the job – with loads of determination, patience, the will to overcome challenges, and the persistence to succeed. The Nontraditional Employment for Women (NEW) â€Å"trains women and places them in  careers in the skilled construction, utilit y, and maintenance trades, helping women achieve economic independence and a secure future† (par. 1). As of 2005, NEW revealed that the percentage of women as construction workers have already risen to 3% (NEW, par. 5). The advantages of pursuing this particular career path are: (1) high remuneration (of as much as $10 to $17 per hour during the first year, to increase to as much as $45 per hour upon completion of the apprenticeship program); (2) availment of excellent medical benefits; (3) other benefits such as pensions and paid annuities are offered; and (4) various kinds of training in stages and phases of work are given and availed of (NEW: Programs, pars. 7 - 10). On the other hand, despite the lucrative opportunities of the profession, most women opt to avoid working as construction laborers for the reasons such as: (1) job responsibilities and tasks are mentally and physically demanding; (2) working hours are generally way too early than traditional working hours; (3) outdoor work all throughout the year is required; and (4) perceived male dominance is seen as a barrier to entry (NEW: Programs, pars. 11 - 14). The next concern is should women do the job? The answer is a resounding why not? All challenges enumerated above could be addressed through appropriate training and by giving incentives and support. The fact that the women interviewed by Eisenberg have proven that they can do the job indicates that the demands, knowledge, skills and abilities needed to accomplish required tasks could be developed in women, with proper training and experience. Further, just like in every other endeavor, success in a career begins with one’s genuine interest and enthusiasm to delve into the chosen field. Nothing is really impossible when one puts one’s mind and heart into any endeavor worth pursuing. Regrettably, the labor movement has remained compliant to the plight of tradeswomen. As revealed by Eisenberg in her official website continue to r aise the public and legislator’s awareness on the need, not only to announce the governmental policies on offering construction jobs and apprenticeship to women, but more so, on active promotion and enforcement of these policies to increase participation and outcome. As averred â€Å"In a 1994 interview with LA ironworker Mary Michels, I asked her how many women she thought would be working in construction. Her response: â€Å"