The Effect Monetary Policy has on Macroeconomic Factors Essay

The Effect Monetary Policy has on Macroeconomic Factors Monetary policy includes the manipulation in the money supply by the Federal Reserve that will influence interest rates, which will cause a snowball effect in total overall spending. The change in interest rates, in many cases are a determining factor in the decision-making process to purchasing a house, a new car, borrow money for home improvements and many other decisions on purchases which will impact the total level of spending in the economy. The Federal Reserve has two main assets, securities and loans to commercial banks, thrifts-savings and loans, mutual savings and loans and credit unions. Securities are government bonds that have been purchased by the Federal†¦show more content†¦Soon people were paying for goods with goldsmiths receipts, which serviced as the first kind of paper money (Brue 2004). At this point the goldsmiths-embryonic bankers- used a 100 percent reserve system; they backed their circulating paper money receipts fully with the gold that the y held in reserve in their vaults. But because of the publics acceptance of the goldsmiths receipts as paper money, the goldsmiths soon realized that owners rarely redeemed the gold that they held in storage. In fact, the goldsmiths observed that the amount of gold being deposited with them in any week or month was likely to exceed the amount that was being withdrawn (Brue 2004). Today, the U.S. Bureau of Engraving creates Federal Reserve Notes and The U.S. Mint creates coins. Checkable deposits make up over half the nations MI money supply, and are created by loan officers who issue loans to consumers. How Gross Domestic Product is affected The economys performance is measured by its yearly combined output of goods and services, also called aggregate output. Aggregate output is labeled gross domestic product (GDP); the total market value of all final goods and services produced in a given year. GDP includes all goods and services produced by either citizen-supplied or foreign-supplied resources employed within the country (Brue, 2006). The point of implementing policy through raising or lowering interest rates is to affect peoples andShow MoreRelatedThe Effect Of Macroeconomic Indicators On Economic Growth On A Petrol Dollar Economy Essay1391 Words   |  6 PagesTHE EFFECT OF MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN A PETROL-DOLLAR ECONOMY: THE NIGERIAN EXPERIENCE 1. Introduction The Central Bank of Nigeria Act of 1958(CBN) vested the monetary policy powers of economic stability on the apex regulatory bank (CBN).Since our independence in 1960,CBN has operated a fixed exchange regime which was at various times was at par with the British pounds and later the United States Dollar. This exchange rate regime was operated in additionRead MoreMonetary Policy On The Connections Between Money, Banks, And Credit960 Words   |  4 Pages This paper focuses on Monetary Policy, which centres on the connections between money, banks, and credit to lenders. In addition, this paper will cover the effect on macroeconomic factors such as GDP, unemployment, inflation, and interest rates. With many combinations of monetary policy, the paper covers the optimal balance between economic growth, low inflation, and a reasonable rate of unemployment. Money is any object that functions as a means of exchange that society accepts social and legalRead MoreMonetary Policy Essay1666 Words   |  7 PagesMonetary Policy Monetary Policy The Economy is the backbone to society. There are many factors that operate in, and govern our society’s economical structure. 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Internal Controls And Corporate Controls - 1007 Words

Internal Controls â€Å"Internal controls are policies and procedures put in place to ensure the continued reliability of accounting systems† (Ingram 2017). WorldCom’s attempts at maintaining internal controls are less than favorable. Segregation of duties enables the division responsibilities to ensure that no employee completes two similar tasks. The CEO’s monitoring of WorldCom’s financial processes shows that the company has a lax segregation of duties, which makes it easier to commit fraud. Access controls protect financial data from unauthorized access, however, WorldCom’s extent is password-protected computers. No access inventories are taken to monitor employee usage, so there is no trail of when employees are doing during work.†¦show more content†¦It is possible that Ebbers and Sullivan used their power to overwrite certain approvals to increase the company’s bottom line (Button 2015) (Ingram 2017). Weaknesses Everyone is responsible for implementing and maintaining internal controls. Arthur Andersen, LLP is partly responsible for the internal controls since they need reviewing during an audit. WorldCom needs to establish relations with a reputable auditing firm and to hire an executive team who understands the important of workplace ethics. WorldCom management needs to communicate their expectations to employees and introduce fraud awareness training. Fraud awarness training includes an ethics hotline that employees can call into when an incident occurs. One of WorldCom’s weaknesses is its segregation of duties. WorldCom needs to establish an effective segregation of duties that combats the opportunity for fraud to be committed. Multiple employees need to be tasked within the same financial process to ensure that not one employee has two similar tasks. WorldCom never fully implemented its vacation policy, so it is in the company’s best interest to see that through. Mor e employees taking vacation time will reduce the opportunity to commit fraudulent activities (Draz 2011). Besides a password-protected system, WorldCom needs to create a program that tracks an employee’s computer activities as a preventive fraud measure especially if accessed overShow MoreRelatedThe Effect Of Internal Controls On Corporate Governance Associated With The Revelations Of Internal Control Material Weaknesses And Their Subsequent Remediation812 Words   |  4 Pagesarticle researched was Changes in Corporate Governance Associated with the Revelation of Internal Control Material Weaknesses and Their Subsequent Remediation. The abstract discusses the problems associated with the lack of internal controls within a company. Additionally, the abstract discusses how fraud and material weaknesses can occur without the implementation of the proper internal controls. 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Challenges Faced in Managing Consumers-Free-Samples For Students

Question: Discuss about the Consumer Behaviior and Provide the Challenges faced in Managing Consumers. Answer: Selected Product or Service Overview The herbal soap is a product is the most trusted consumer brand. It is trusted for the wide number of ayurvedic ingredients. This soap suits almost every skin type and made up of 60 percent coconut oil base. The soaps have curative, preventive and beautifying qualities for the skin. The 18 herbal extracts incorporated in the soap cure almost all the skin related issues. The herbal soap is traditionally handcrafted and perfectly suits all the skin type. Few of the qualities claimed by the soap are: It prevents skin from any kind of infection, protects skin from multiple problems like pimples, blackhead and prickly heat, it control dandruff and is effective for skin care. The soap is dermetogically tested and sold on a large scale with a focus to gain effective role in terms of generating effective brand value. This is certain from the point of view of gaining effective consumer brand value and gaining better and efficient role. It is strategic for a brand to develop a competitive role in order to undertake competitive role. This is important from the point of developing consumer behavior and progression. The positive aspect of consumer market behavior is to understand the inclination of consumers. The consumer interest has typically increased in the natural products creating a wide opportunity for the brand. It is widely creating an important market scope that has helped in gaining high level of productivity. Critical Analysis Consumer Decision - Making Process The consumer decision making process involves different stages regarding the problem recognition and the post purchase activities (Solomon et al 2014. The herbal soap is a well-acclaimed product with a high market value and reasonable progression in the market. It is important from the point of view of gaining effective brand knowledge and developing growth aspects. The consumer inclination towards a product is due to the group ad peer-circle (Aaker and Biel 2013). Especially in the case of this product, it is evident to manage the relative growth and progression of the product in a way which is possible. This is important to attain the business progression in a way that allow in dealing with the situation. The Consumer behavior policies and psychological growth are important for gaining ultimate resources and managing the gaps. It is evident to acknowledge in order dealing with the consumer behavior policies. It is necessary for generating better consumer behavior policies that will certainly allow the brand in understanding individual perception (Cross, et al 2018. Problem recognition The primary purpose is to understand the problem and then undertaking the role in order to initiate the progress. The situation is to manage the changes in order to manage effective role and attain effective policies. The purpose of managing the organizational progress is to sustain ultimate goal and putting forward the progress of the consumer psychology. It is immediate for the company to understand the way in which an organization can attain effective role in order to understand the progression. It is necessary for managing the relative growth and progress in order to understand the problem pertaining to the problem. The human needs are two different categories depending upon the nature (Schmitt, 2012). Information searching The next feature is to understand the information related to the product and service. One the consumer need is recognized, it is evident to serve the consumer related progress. The consumer related goals is to understand the basic market progression and ultimate organizational goal (Haugtvedt, Herr and Kardes, 2012). The long term purpose is to undertake the ultimate goal and managing the consumer likes and dislikes. This will ultimately lead to gaining consumer marketing behavior. The long-term purpose is to undertake the deals and arrange the focus in order to ultimately gain the progress. It is important to deal with the challenges and managing long term effective role and matching up with the individual expectations the consumer brand has undergone changes in order to gain detailed growth. The consumer behavioural process is generally important to deal with the challenges in order to manage the effective consumer behavior and changes (East, et al 2013). Evaluation of Alternatives Consumer generally looks out for the alternatives that are available in order to gain quality services. There are ample of herbal products in the market that will certainly allow in gaining concrete efforts (Quester, et al 2007). The necessary role is to understand the purpose behind the consumer behavior and growth. The overall purpose is to generate the valid request in terms of gaining consumer related issue and verifying the interest of the consumers. The changes in the individual consumer behavior are due to the changing business aspects (Hawkins, et al 2010). It is important from the point of view of gaining effective role and arranging effectiveness. The process of evaluating the strategic consumer behavior is to evaluate the changes and calculating the product design and different related issues associated with the product. It is necessary for attaining the individual scope and development in order to attain growth. The herbal soap has to make effective changes in the product requirements. This will significantly help in ensuring product growth and quality assurance. Consumer is more or less concerned with the quality of the product and most of the consumers are sure about the needs pertaining to the product. The ayurvedic soap has gained effective market progress only after managing the competent factors. These factors will however help in ensuring consistent growth and ensuring positive growth (Jobber and Ellis-Chadwick, 2012). Purchase decision The decision regarding the product purchase is significant from the point of following the market. The changes can only be managed by focusing over the consumers and delivering the value product. The product quality is one of the most effective factors which are causing a change in the individual behavior. Consumer behavior and psychological needs are important to be focused upon in order to understand the product related progression. It is necessary from the point of gaining accurate growth and progression. There are number of factors that affect the product purchase and relatively affect the difference in herbal soap growth. It is necessary for managing the product related effectiveness and managing long-term goals in order to ultimately manage the progress (Kahle and Chiagouris, 2014). Post purchase Evacuation The other most important part is regarding the post-purchase evaluation and it directs the actual consumer behavior. This is important to receive the feedback and how do they evaluate the product. It is important from the point of view of gaining goals and maintaining a balance in order to maintain a focus. The opinion of the customers is important to manage the effectiveness that is certain for the organization. It is important from the point of view of gaining occupancy of the products. This is certainly important from the point of gaining effective role (Lantos 2015). Individual, Psychological, Cultural and Social Factors affecting consumer behaviour The Individual, Psychological, Cultural and Social Factors affecting consumer behaviour related to the product is to understand the value of product. It is important from the point of gaining effective role and gaining the product quality. It is important from the point of view of generating better quality. The purpose is to attain the applicable role and responsibility. Customers are more or large focused on using herbal products. The purpose is to generate adequate progress and managing applicable growth and maintaining applicable role. The social factors are responsible to manage the changes in order to understand the product impact and their behavior (Lee and Chen, 2010). The most recent marketing communications of this product or service The most recent strategic communication is through the advertisement over different medium. This is done to create awareness. It is important to manage the changes and allocating the purpose and attaining the changes and working in better role and responsibility. The outcome is to manage the customers and adding the progression in order to attain effective role (Lindquist and Sirgy, 2009). The consumer behavior is evident to maintain the challenges and arranging the best result. The growth and ultimate product is to maintain the balance and accumulating the knowledge. It is to understand the possibilities and attaining the long-term role. It is necessary to manage the progress and managing the marketing strategies in order to maintain the goals. It is to manage the long-term goals in order to manage the business related growth. The purpose is to manage the organizational progression and creating value. It is creating value and managing the growth. The challenges are relevant to be ma naged in a better process. The long term purpose is to manage the progress. The purpose is to manage the goals and managing the effect is to understand the role and responsibilities in order to gain ultimate growth (Malhotra, 2008). The current marketing strategy The current market strategy is to manage the natural product and retain market progress. It is important to manage the effectiveness in order to validate the reasonable growth. It is important to manage the purpose in order to attain the long term progress and allocating the consumer related issues. The overall purpose is to attain the long-term issues and attaining better features. The existing market strategy is to attain the herbal soap strategy and attaining the progress. This is important from the point of view of gaining accuracy and managing progression in a better way. The ultimate focus is to retain the name and gaining progress (Nwankwo, Hamelin and Khaled, 2014). Strategic Recommendations Consumer behavior and psychology plays an important role in understanding the product related market strategy. Individual do prefer premium brands and unique products which will assure growth and development in order to gain effectiveness. An individual who wish to buy the products is more inclined towards gaining effectiveness. The brand has gained appropriate strategic growth. It is important to manage product role and responsibility. The focus of consumer behavior and psychology is to understand the changes and putting forward a variety of effectiveness. This is important to allocate the product effectiveness and managing the progress in the most relevant manner. The overall purpose is to gain adequate results and matching consumer related behavior. The purpose of decision making is to understand the changes in the daily individual life and working accordingly. These decisions are complex for the individual and require identifying a product in a better way. Therefore, in order to understand the product psychology and behavior, it is evident to manage the changes and allocating process in order to associate the product related knowledge. While considering all the factors and deterring the behavior in order to understand the organizational behavior. It is vital for the organization to manage the behavior of consumers in order to attain effective roles. Therefore for managing the organizational behavior and psychology, it is important to manage the concrete changes and reporting the positive results. The purpose of the organization is to attain concrete progress related to the changing consumer inclination. These will certain from the point of gearing up organizational value. It is important from the point of managing consumer behavior related issues in order to gain adequacy. The purpose of consumer behavioural is to manage the changes and reciprocating the better roles and responsibility. In the changing business scenario, it is important to manage the gaps a nd defining the consumer behavior cycle. This will certainly help in allocating the significant result and putting forward the relative changes in the individual. There is a common consensus regarding the organizational policies and development. This will be helpful in becoming progressive and helpful on a long-run and generating capacity to understand their behavior. It is important for the purpose of understanding the behavioural issues and managing systematic behavior which will help in stimulating growth. It is helpful from the way of attaining better roles and focusing over the progression in the consumer behavior. The purpose is to understand the roles and persistently measuring the changes in order to gain effectiveness. This is important to gain better and effective role which is evident in order to gain progress. This is necessary for regulating the effectiveness of business priority. The only purpose of the organization is to attain better roles and undertaking the complex ities. The consumer behavior and priorities are evident to manage the special possibilities associated with the changes. The most relevant process to attain the consumer behavior strategy is to attain a significant growth. The progression is to generate the possibilities which will ensure growth and development. Reference List Aaker, D.A. and Biel, A.L., 2013.Brand equity and advertising: advertising's role in building strong brands. Psychology Press. Cross, S.N., Ruvalcaba, C., Venkatesh, A. and Belk, R.W. eds., 2018.Consumer culture theory. Emerald Publishing Limited. East, R., Wright, M., and Vanhuele, M. 2013.Consumer behaviour: applications in marketing. Sage. Haugtvedt, C.P., Herr, P. and Kardes, F. eds., 2012.Handbook of consumer psychology. Psychology Press. Hawkins, D. I., Best, R. J., and Coney, K. A. 2010. Consumer behavior.Implications for marketing strategy,5. Jobber, D., and Ellis-Chadwick, F. 2012.Principles and practice of marketing (No. 7th). McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Kahle, L.R. and Chiagouris, L. eds., 2014.Values, lifestyles, and psychographics. Psychology Press. Lantos, G. P. 2015.Consumer behavior in action: Real-life applications for marketing managers. Routledge. Lee, S. M., and Chen, L. 2010. The impact of flow on online consumer behavior.Journal of Computer Information Systems,50(4), 1-10. Lindquist, J. D., and Sirgy, M. J. 2009.Shopper, buyer, and consumer behavior: Theory, marketing applications and public policy implications. Atomic Dog/Cengage Learning. Malhotra, N. K. 2008.Marketing research: An applied orientation, 5/e. Pearson Education India. Nwankwo, S., Hamelin, N. and Khaled, M., 2014. Consumer values, motivation and purchase intention for luxury goods.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,21(5), pp.735-744. Quester, P., Neal, C., Pettigrew, S., Grimmer, M. R., Davis, T., and Hawkins, D. 2007.Consumer behaviour: Implications for marketing strategy. McGraw-Hill. Schmitt, B., 2012. The consumer psychology of brands.Journal of Consumer Psychology,22(1), pp.7-17. Solomon, M.R., Dahl, D.W., White, K., Zaichkowsky, J.L. and Polegato, R., 2014.Consumer behavior: Buying, having, and being(Vol. 10). Pears

Quality of Ball Pen free essay sample

pen A pen (Latin penna, feather) is a writing implement used to apply ink to a surface, usually paper, for writing or drawing. Historically, reed pens, quill pens, and dip pens were used, with a nib dipped in the ink. Ruling pens allow precise adjustment of line width, and still find a few specialized uses, but technical pens such as the Rapidograph are more commonly used. Modern types also include ballpoint, rollerball, fountain, and felt or ceramic tip pens. [l] Contents [hide] * 1 Modern pens * 2 Historic pens * 3 History * 4 Manufacturers * 4. 1 United States * 5 See also * 6 References * 7 External links I [edit] Modern pens The main modern types of pens can be categorized by the kind of writing tip or point: A mark made on paper with a rollerball pen, and the tip of that pen * A ballpoint pen dispenses viscous oil-based ink by rolling a small hard sphere, usually 0. 7- 1. 2 mm and made of brass, steel or tungsten carbide. We will write a custom essay sample on Quality of Ball Pen or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page [2] The ink dries almost immediately on contact with paper. The ballpoint pen is usually reliable and inexpensive. [citation needed] It has replaced the fountain pen as the most common tool for everyday writing. * A fountain pen uses water-based liquid ink delivered through a nib. The ink flows from a reservoir through a feed to the nib, then through the nib, due to capillary action and gravity. The nib has no moving parts and delivers ink through a thin slit to the writing surface. A fountain pen reservoir can be refillable or disposable, this disposable type being an ink cartridge. A pen with a refillable reservoir may have a mechanism, such as a piston, to draw ink from a bottle through the nib, or it may require refilling with an eyedropper. Refill reservoirs, also known as cartridge converters, are available for some pens which use disposable cartridges. A fountain pen * A marker, or felt-tip pen, has a porous tip of fibrous material. The smallest, finest- tipped markers are used for writing on paper. Medium-tip markers are often used by children for coloring and drawing. Larger markers are used for writing on other surfaces such as corrugated boxes, whiteboards and for chalkboards, often called liquid chalk or chalkboard markers. Markers with wide tips and bright but transparent ink, called highlighters, are used to mark existing text. Markers designed for children or for temporary writing (as with a whiteboard or overhead projector) ypically use non-permanent inks. Large markers used to label shipping cases or other packages are usually permanent markers. * A rollerball pen dispenses a water-based liquid or gel ink through a ball tip similar to that of a ballpoint pen. The less-viscous ink is more easily absorbed by paper than oil-based ink, and the pen moves more easily across a writing surface. The rollerball pen was initially designed to combine the convenience of a ballpoint pen with the smooth wet ink effect of a fountain pen. Gel inks are available in a range of colors, including metallic paint