The Connections between American Legal Thought and Other Classes Assignment

The Connections between American Legal Thought and Other Classes - Assignment Example The course additionally contemplates the noteworthy part of these ways of thinking and speculations corresponding to American history. This way of thinking is unique in relation to different ways of thinking that have been concentrated before. Nonetheless, there is a slight line isolating American lawful musings and other school of contemplations educated in American law educational program, for example, American lawful hypothesis. This paper will subsequently examine the connection between American lawful idea and American lawful hypothesis as the primary courses instructed in American graduate schools. American legitimate idea is based on issues that are important to the Americans. This incorporates social issues like sanctioning of gay relationships and practical issues, for example, American current situation in universal business. Then again, past ways of thinking are built up on formalist law sciences, American lawful authenticity and social statute. The two schools of contempl ations are fundamental to a law understudy. Be that as it may, their noteworthiness or advantages must be accomplished if there is a cozy connection between the two schools of contemplations. In contrast to different ways of thinking, American legitimate however arrangements or spotlight on lawful speculations and reasoning from an American point of view. Different ways of thinking are set up on all inclusive laws or laws that are basic overall, for example, criminal equity. American legitimate hypothesis centers around larger part speculations that are utilized to make American laws. In spite of the fact that this course is imperative to a law, understudy it doesn't give a pragmatic application o f these speculations. American way of thinking joins the hypothetical parts of law with reality by relating it with cutting edge events that are of lawful concern. American lawful idea has huge contrasts with different courses instructed in the graduate school including the American lawful hypothesis. Be that as it may, both American legitimate hypothesis and American lawful idea spin on the lawful parts of American history2. American history is the sequential record of events in America since the finish of American common war. In this setting American lawful considerations manages the ramifications of key occasions in the American history to the current American culture. Furthermore, this way of thinking additionally thinks about the impact of key recorded occasions in the arrangement of cutting edge American law. Then again, American lawful hypothesis centers around how American laws have been established on the recorded part of the nation since the finish of American common war. This incorporates significant issues, for example, how American history influences cutting edge court dynamic procedure. Legitimate hypothesis likewise thinks about how American history fills in as a proof to lawful speculations. The subsequent relationship or association between American lawful musings and American legitimate hypothesis is their joining of lawful authenticity. American lawful authenticity is a part of legitimate methods of reasoning that that oppose the regular investigation of US statute. In the standard form of the US statute, law is considered as an independent structure or decides and rules that courts use to make legitimate decisions in both political and legal points of view. This suggests the two schools of contemplations are against or challenge the standard perspective on American statute. This demonstrates both the American legitimate hypothesis and American lawful considerations are set up on everyday perspectives or events on the American legal framework. This incorporates the social, good, political

Robots and smart machines reshaping work Essays

Robots and keen machines reshaping work Essays Robots and keen machines reshaping work Essay Robots and keen machines reshaping work Essay One of the boss monetary and concern inclinations †robots and savvy machines. From the truly get bringing down homo was looking for something that could adjust his way of life. First sticks utilized as arm. first Millss to chop down handiwork. first vehicles to cut clasp in transportation†¦ Robots presently are currently being conveyed as receptionists. banking partners and even jail watches. while building permits beginners to make what experts one time did. Mounting circuits on electronic gadgets ( I. e. itinerant telephones ) 4. Working where there may be risk ( I. nutrient E nuclear holes. bomb removal ) 5. Specialists are executing mechanical helped medical procedures that. in addition to other things. can even out little wiggles and movements of a surgeon’s hands when making fragile processs. for example, minutely helped medical procedure or encephalon medical procedure. and so forth 6. Other manufacturing. for example, certain resolute stairss in mechanical production systems or for picture stocks so universes don’t inhale the over splash or need to work with inhalators on. working in the warmth of drying and taking care of broilers on wood stocks. and so on 7. Mail bringing to arranged mail Stationss all through the buildings in enormous partnerships. ( They follow ways set apart with fanatic violet color ) . 8. To support constabulary and SWAT crews in risky condition of affairss. for example, with guarantees or in shoot outs and stalemates. They can be sent to the scene to pull fire. loosened entryways. see nature from a closer position point. or on the other hand look in Windowss with cameras. and so on 9. Bomb dispersion. land mine detecting. what's more, military activities where they are utilized as in # 8 above. 10. Far off processs by a sawbones or other doctor who can't be at that spot to execute the medical procedure in individual (, for example, at an ice-bound Antarctic research place ) or where there is a shortfall of sawboness in a specific strength ( Alaskan Tundra ) and the inaccessible sawbones does or steer the procedure from far away by means of mechanical hands . 11. Space Tending to issues, for example, thinking about maturing populaces. 2 ) Development of new sustainable assets on the other hand of utilization of customary gas. oil and coal As the universe ponders diminishing supplies of raw petroleum and the expanding C effect of coal. states and creators are turning their going to interchange beginnings of intensity. Wind. sun powered and energy components are interchange energies ready to supplant coal and oil yet the expense per megawatt is higher than traditional beginnings. Roboticss plays a prima work in doing ever-changing substitute vitality increasingly competitory with petroleum products. Elective vitality organizations were close to nothing and making everything physically. With specialists bolster accessible and the push towards substitute vitality. organizations are bring forthing in a lot more noteworthy volume yet can non back up that volume with manual systems. says Christopher Blanchette. National Distribution Account Manager with FANUC Robotics America Inc. ( Rochester Hills. Michigan ) Alternative vitality organizations are hoping to automatize quickly and to design a get together method with troublesome motorization would decelerate them down in light of the fact that the market modifications so quickly. Difficult work in sun based cell creation is non relevant because of the accuracy required. Arrangement of gadgets relative to one another is basic. Solid Winds Roboticss have a capacity in two significant features of air current turbine manufacture. Travel With the Flow Like air current turbines. hydroelectric turbines use mechanical technology when assembling parts. contemplates Whitney Moon. Market Development Manager with Genesis Systems Group LLC ( Davenport. Iowa ) Robots are utilized on the grounds that mood times are truly long and uninteresting whenever done physically. On the Road

Application Part 1 and Part 2 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Application Part 1 and Part 2 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog I am happy to say that several hundred applicants have already submitted Part 1 of their SIPA application.   As a reminder, the application is broken into two parts. Part 1 simply requires the submission of the application form along with the names and contact information for the three individuals you have chosen to compose letters of recommendation and the application fee.   This process takes no more than 1 hour to complete. Part 2 allows you to submit your personal statement, resume, transcripts, and test scores.   The test scores are self reported and the transcripts can be unofficial.   These requirements can be completed up until the deadline â€" January 5th, 2010. We recommend that applicants complete Part 1 as soon as possible.   This will allow us to print your application and start a file for you.   The earlier Part 1 is submitted, the sooner we can get started on the process of getting your file set up for review by the Admissions Committee.

Childhood Obesity - Child Obesity Crisis - 2530 Words

Child Obesity Crisis in America In America, the way society views overweight adults are viewed as inferior and disgusting, but it does not stop there, children who are also overweight experience the same reactions, as those in adulthood. Childhood obesity has been on the rise, as the generation continues to grow, more children have suffered from childhood obesity which have led to future health problems in adulthood, therefore creating an epidemic. The advances in technology numb the instinct of outdoor play and adventure discouraging children from going out and experience the outdoors. But technology is not the only cause for childhood obesity. A child’s diet over the years have changed as the way food processed now is more advance, hence a difference in diet between the old and new generations. Studies also have shown that the income a household earns and the community where the child is raised in affects the diet of the child. The impact of the child’s environment also affects the â€Å"financia l influences related to nutrition and recreational activity of middle school students† (Eagle et al.). Over the decades, childhood obesity has become a growing disease in America and has increased its long-term side effects, such as diabetes and hypertension, along with it. Childhood obesity is not entirely decided by an individual’s decisions, but rather by general trends in society such as increased technological exposure, schools’ lack of physical activities, and low socioeconomicShow MoreRelatedMedication Can Help Reduce Childhood Obesity Essay841 Words   |  4 Pagesknow that childhood obesity can be very harmful for our nations children. Not only can obesity cause health problems but also psychological problems. In recent years, policymakers and medical experts have expressed alarm about the growing problem of childhood obesity in the United States. While most agree that the issue deserves attention, consensus dissolves around how to respond to the problem. One literature review examines one approach to treating childhood obesity: medicationRead MoreCritical Arguement Analysis Essay812 Words   |  4 PagesENG/215CA October 10, 2011 Patricia Moody Critical Argument Analysis Childhood obesity is an ongoing epidemic in today’s society. This essay will focus on three different professional articles, which are related to childhood obesity. The three articles in this essay are â€Å"Fighting Childhood Obesity,† â€Å"Recognizing and Preventing Childhood Obesity,† and â€Å"Understanding and Acting on the Growing Childhood and Adolescent Weight Crisis: A Role for Social Work.† It will explain how the authors of these threeRead MoreBackground and Methodology of the Research Process to Problems in Health Care1003 Words   |  5 PagesProcess to Problems in Health Care Childhood Obesity HCS/465 August 2, 2012 Donald Steacy Introduction The purpose of the paper is to show how to develop and understand methodology of the research process when pertaining to health care. The process consists of retrieving a peer-reviewed article and applying the research methodology to the article selected. The article selected for the research methodology was Childhood Obesity: A Global Public Health Crisis written by Sameera Karnik andRead MoreChildhood Obesity : A Serious Medical Condition That Affects Children And Adolescents Essay1116 Words   |  5 PagesMy enquiry question will identify the leading causes of childhood obesity in New Zealand. Childhood obesity is a serious medical condition that affects children and adolescents (Mayo Clinic, 2014). It occurs when a child is well above the normal weight for his or her age and height (Mayo Clinic, 2014). This enquiry question will mainly focus on children who are obese in New Zealand. Through survey, The 2012/13 New Zealand Health Survey found that 1 in 9 children aged 2– 14 years were obese (11%),Read MoreTaking a Look at Childhood Obesity1842 Words   |  7 PagesWhat does childhood obesity means? Obesity can be defined as a condition in which the body carries abnormal or unhealthy amounts of fat tissue, leading the individual to weigh in excess or 20 percent more than his or her ideal weight (Health Illness).Obesity in America is an ever-growing problem and has boosted America to the number one spot in terms of obese population. It also stands as the most prevalent medical issue in American Children. In the past thirty years, obesity has affected manyRead MoreThe Obesity Epidemic Of Children1437 Words   |  6 Pageslink to obese children The obesity epidemic holds the responsibility to annihilate many of the health benefits that have contributed to the increased durability recognised in the world today. In 2014, approximately 41 million children under 5 years of age were affected by overweight or obesity. Today, progress in extinguishing childhood obesity has been gradual and conflicting. A greater number of children are, even from before birth, on the brink to developing obesity. Children who are not yet atRead MoreCausal Analysis Essay : Childhood Obesity913 Words   |  4 Pagesthat the United States is struggling with obesity. One would be hard pressed to find a community that is not teeming with fast food restaurants. However, it might surprise some that the obesity epidemic in our country has reached the most vulnerable population of all and they aren’t even capable of driving themselves to these bastions of unhealthy food. The childhood obesity level has reached 34% of children in the United States (SHUMEI, 2016).Obesity is caused by consistently consuming more caloriesRead MoreThe Dietary Influences Of Childhood Obesity Essay1435 Words   |  6 Pagessee more cases involving childhood obesity throughout the United States than ever before. In this generation, 17% of all children across the country are suffering from obesity. Many say that dietary influences such as school lunch options, food deserts, advertising of foods, portion sizes, unhealthy eating patterns, and a lack of exercise are the major causes of childhood obesity. Others believe that where, how, and what children eat does not factor into childhood obesity. Rather, genetic componentsRead MoreChildhood Obesity And The Health Of New Zealanders Essay1641 Words   |  7 Pagesconcerning health issues are on the rise (Ministry of Health, 2014). Childhood obesity is one of these. In the last ten years, childhood obesity incidence has risen dramatically with one in nine children being obese (Ministry of Health, 2013). Obesity is defined as an individual who is excessively heavy and has a body mass index over 30, calculated by the individual’s weight and height (Mosby, 2010). Childhood obesity has a direct correlation to increased incidence of heart disease, hypertensionRead MoreSurgeon General Project: Childhoudd Obesity1734 Words   |  7 PagesSURGEON GENERAL PROJECT Childhood Obesity Over the last few decades the prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents has been steadily increasing in the United States drawing immediate concern for the coming generations and the overall health and well-being for society. While addressing this concern, a matter of significance has to be reviewed to undoubtedly warrant the attention of the nation and propose factors of government, community, organizational, and individual involvement. According

Suffering In Shakespeares Plays Essay - 1873 Words

Suffering In Shakespeares Plays How does suffering affect ones actions? Do different types of suffering affect one in different ways? This paper seeks to determine how William Shakespeares characters respond to various types of suffering. Suffering can be defined in two ways; physical suffering, in which the character is inflicted with physical pain and trauma, and emotional suffering, where the character suffers an emotional trauma or loss. In The Tempest, the physically traumatized characters, are Trinculo and Stephano. They are chased by dogs but their physical trauma has not induced any sign of remorse or guilt. Ferdinand, on the other hand, is overcome by emotional suffering at the quot;lossquot; of his son. In King Lear,†¦show more content†¦quot;The mistress which I serve quickens whats dead and makes my labors pleasure.quot; (Tempest, III, i, 6-7) Alonso, Sebastian, and Antonio, who are denounced as quot;men of sinquot; (Tempest, III,, iii, 53) are driven by Ariel into a frenzy of madness. Alonso is deeply affected, he believes the quot;deathquot; of his son to be punishment and he confesses his guilt and seeks to atone for it. He is purified through the trial and reconciled with Prospero at the plays end. Neither Antonio nor Sebastian, who are equally guilty, is affected in this way. They remain impenitent. Their incapacity for remorse is punished, Ariel suggests by a quot;ling ring perdition, worse than any death.quot; ( Tempest, III, iii, 77) Stephano, the Kings butler, and Trinculo, the jester, plot to overthrow Prospero. Their trial and suffering take form in a physical way. They are submerged in a horse pond and then hunted by Prosperos dogs. King Lear allows one to see how physical suffering can bring on emotional suffreing. This can be seen in the two main characters of each subplot. Lear, King of Brittain, is described as quot;a very foolish old man, fourscore and upward.quot; His fatal flaw of rashness causes his suffering. The Earl of Gloucester lacks Lears capacity for wrath but shares his fatal flaw of rashness. Like Lear, he is made to suffer greatly by his children before he gains true insight. Cordelia, LearsShow MoreRelatedThe Twelfth Night - Development of Themes889 Words   |  4 Pages’ Many say William Shakespeare is the most influential writer in all of English literature with works hailed by Elizabeth I, James I and literary luminaries such as Ben Jonson. Shakespeare wrote the critically acclaimed Twelfth Night in 1601 during the middle of his career. This play incorporates illusion, deception, disguises, madness and shows the extraordinary things that love with cause us to do. Shakespeare cleverly develops the theme of ‘love as a cause of suffering’ through language techniquesRead MoreHuman Suffering in Inferno and King Lear Essay example1555 Words   |  7 Pagesthe reasons for, and results of, human suffering. Each work postulates that human suffering comes as a result of choices that are made: A statement that is not only applicable to the characters in each of the works, but also to the readers. The Inferno and King Lear speak universal truths about the human condition: that suffering is inevitable and unavoidable. While both King Lear and the Inferno concentrate on admonitions and lamentations of human suffering, one of the key differences between theRead MoreCharacters in Romeo and Juliet by Williams Shakespeare Essay1024 Words   |  5 Pages429-430) With this quote, Shakespeare is telling his audience that misery isn’t caused by â€Å"the sun, moon, and stars†. 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In Shakespeare s play, Aristotle defines many features that cause theRead MoreA Tragic Hero As Used By Shakespeare. In, â€Å"The Tragedy1657 Words   |  7 PagesA Tragic Hero as Used by Shakespeare In, â€Å"The Tragedy of Julius Caesar,† by William Shakespeare, you can see Shakespeare’s use of a tragic hero. The Tragedy of Julius Caesar is a play about how Marcus Brutus and Cassius contemplate the murder of the great Julius Caesar. The play discusses the planning of the murder, and the events that follow the catastrophe. Brutus is one of the conspirators in the murdering of Caesar and is also one of his beloved friends. Shakespeare incorporates traditionalRead MoreEssay on King Lear/Inferno1246 Words   |  5 Pagesthe reasons for and results of human suffering. Both works postulate that human suffering comes as a result of choices that are made. That statement is not only applicable to the characters in each of the works, but also to the readers. The Inferno and King Lear speak universal truths about the human condition: that suffering is inevitable and unavoidable. While both King Lear and the Inferno concentrate on the admonitions and lamentations of human s uffering, there is one key difference between theRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello By William Shakespeare1522 Words   |  7 Pagestorture presented in the play Othello opens up the discussions of how deep does this torture go. Was Othello the only one to be tortured throughout the play and what kind of torture is this considered when Iago doesn’t touch a single person until the end of the play. Iago’s behind the scenes and not so behind the scene multiplication moves the play along at a pace that makes it impossible not to place on the blame on him. The question is not if he is at fault by the end of the play; the question ends upRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s King Lear1469 Words   |  6 PagesIn countless plays by Shakespeare, subplots are inserted to create more intricate and colorful stories. These subplots also help draw out ideas and concepts that are important for the audience to see, helping them understand the main plot better. One of Shakespeare’s play s, King Lear, has a subplot which shows the concepts of family bonds and identity. Shakespeare starts out the play with the subplot to show the audience that it is vital to know their part of the story to see the resolution of theRead MoreTwelfth Night, As You Like It by William Shakespeare1153 Words   |  5 Pageswere left a mystery for which we as readers must wonder if his plays and sonnets give clue. When going to a Shakespearean play one will find the experience in its self, is one of love, loss, and tragedy. People would come from all around to feel the way Shakespeare wanted the audience to feel. He wanted to express his life and his way of thinking through his art which was dramatic writing. Shakespeare expresses his love through his plays such as Twelfth Night, As You Like It, Hamlet and many othersRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet924 Words   |  4 Pagesmasked ball and have a secret marriage. Throughout the play, their actions show how ridiculous love is, and how it is a danger to anyone who become twisted in its choking grasp. However, in the death of the youth and survival of the elders, an alternative explanation for the tragic events may be found. Although Shakespeare seems to be mocking love throughout the play, it is actually foolhardy lust that kills Romeo and Juliet. To begin, Shakespeare goes out of his way to mock the idea of love. The use

Bad Therapy Free Essays

In the book â€Å"Bad Therapy: Master Therapists Share Their Worst Failures† by Jeffrey A Kottler it shows how other therapists use psychotherapy and how the therapists deem certain sessions as bad therapy. When the authors began this work their aim was to create an opportunity by which some of the most prominent therapists in the field could talk about what they considered to be their worst work in order to encourage other practitioners to be more open to admitting their mistakes. The authors are among the 22 therapists who agreed to participate in the project. We will write a custom essay sample on Bad Therapy or any similar topic only for you Order Now The result of the interviews, all conducted over the telephone is this collection of short and very readable accounts. The credentials of the list of contributors to the book are impressive. In the preface the authors explained that they selected the participants because all were prominent and influential, had a body of published work and years of clinical experience. Arnold A. Lazarus, a pioneer of Behavior Therapy is among the writers. Between them, the authors alone have written over 70 books on counseling and psychotherapy. The majority of these therapists are working in a public professional life. They write books, run training courses, lecture and demonstrate their techniques to large professional audiences. They produce tapes and videos of their work. Throughout the text there are many references to the anxiety stirred by the nature of the subject on which these therapists were asked to reflect this because of the possibility of a lawsuit and laws. Each chapter is a narrative account of the conversation the authors had with the therapist who was asked to talk about incidences in his or her clinical practice which evoked uncomfortable memories, feelings of regret or guilt, or a sense of failure. Strong emphasis is laid upon what can be learned from the mistakes. I found this and the more general reflections on the theme of what makes therapy bad helpful to me considering a career in the clinical practice. The refreshing honesty of the therapist’s accounts that gave me a sense of the tensions that arise during these sessions, â€Å"projecting an image of perfection†, and â€Å"stories of miraculous successes† (p. 189) or the â€Å"stunning failures† (p. ix). These words made me reflect on the nature of idealization and its opposite, devaluation on what success and failure means in therapy. It also helped me to reflect on the high expectations we put on ourselves as therapist to train well and to be viewed as doing a good job in the eyes of our clients, peers, trainers and supervisors. There is an uncertainty to what we view as good and what is bad in therapy. Good and bad can become intertwined with emotionally charged meaning along the success-failure road and their use is dependent upon expectations of good techniques or good interpretations. The value of the ordinary human contact with the client can get caught up in an anxiety ridden preoccupation with the right way of doing things. At the beginning of the book, the authors state that they â€Å"tried for a cross section of representative styles and theoretical orientations† (p. x). But none of the 22 contributing therapist practices in the psychodynamic tradition. The therapeutic relationship is known as being important and the interaction between therapist and client is very much the basis of what happens in these accounts but the term â€Å"transference† is used only once or twice and not explained. The term â€Å"countertransference† is used in several places and in the context of some exploration of interpersonal dynamics but this is not explained either as a concept or as a useful frame within which to understand what happens in the emotional field between therapist and client. One of the few exceptions occurs in the discussion between the authors and Richard Schwartz (p. 51-52) in which the therapist talks about the importance of noting countertransference thoughts or behaviors, commenting that many therapists do not think about their own emotional responses to their clients. In several accounts, the therapist was left with a hangover of guilt or regret as a result of the bad therapy practiced. If a detailed exploration of the transference and countertransference dynamics had been possible then I suspect the focus of what was bad might have been shifted from it being a bad technique or an unfortunate intervention or maybe strategy to the kind of understanding that psychoanalytic psychotherapists are more familiar with. Also the impact of unconscious projection and introjections upon ourselves and our client’s behavior or emotional response, an example was given of this occurrence in the first chapter when the therapist, Kottler, briefly describes how he got mad at a client who would not dump her abusive boyfriend, and told her not to come back because he could not help her and then hoped she received better care elsewhere from another therapist. If a way of attempting to unravel what happened in this session were to think about the repetitive actions of an explosive situation in the client’s life during the session, the conclusion that this was bad therapy would be different. The kind of understanding that a psychodynamically trained therapist or counselor brings on some of these accounts made gave me a sense of what could happen during a session, such as Jeffrey Kottlers confession to sometimes feeling invisible and irrelevant as part of the personal process he encountered in interviewing the contributors (p. 195). Both authors remarked that the contributors did not â€Å"go deeper† (pgs. 195, 197). Neither really explains what they meant by this and I suspect a similar sentiment is felt by many therapists. I felt there was a certain lack of depth and substance to the book because of the absence of consideration of the workings of the unconscious mind. The meaning of â€Å"bad therapy† must be deemed by individuals reading the book. But in the book bad therapy means â€Å"In summary, bad therapy occurs when either the client or the therapist is not satisfied with the result and when that outcome can be traced to the therapist’s repeated miscalculations, misjudgments, or mistakes† (p. 198). It would be very interesting to extend this question of what makes for bad therapy by opening a clinically orientated debate among psychodynamic counselors and psychotherapists. What is the difference between bad practice and bad experience in psychotherapy and counseling would be a good question to pose. Both the therapists and clients may from time to time have a bad experience of each other or of the effects of our words or of feelings which cannot be thought about or adequately contained in a single moment. If we are open enough to be available to receive our client’s projections and be affected by emotions unconsciously intended to be a communication, we will no doubt feel the bad emotions or the mental state being projected. It will be enough to call this countertransference. If a bad experience is not able to be recognized then transforming the experience into something understandable in terms of the need of the client or even the mental state of the therapist it could become an example of bad therapy. What makes for bad therapy cannot be limited to doubtful strategies or mistimed interpretations or the wrong techniques. We are human in relationship to another and constantly affected by the emotional impact the other has on us if we are not really emotionally present to the client for some reason or if the client is using the therapist to communicate his or her experience of not being responded to emotionally. The point is that therapists need to find ways of transcending the experience so that it can be understood or changed by being given the benefit of thoughtful reflection. This may be a result of consulting our internal supervisor or of talking with a trusted peer group or external supervisor or consultant. Another related question has to do with the responsibility we take upon ourselves for monitoring and understanding what we call countertransference. In the book the point is made, several times, which we can all too easily label or blame our clients for their bad behavior or resistance or ability to make us feel tired, angry or irritable. Are we so focused on what the client does to us and on using this as a helpful therapeutic tool that the therapist will lose sight of their own state of mind or emotion which Freud cautions in relation to countertransference may be interfering with therapist’s ability? We need our peer colleagues and supervisors to help monitor therapists state of mind and reactions to their clients so that the ability to enter into the experience of the encounter with the client does not turn into a case of bad practice due to the absence of reflective thinking or insightful monitoring. I would recommend â€Å"Bad Therapy† to both trainees and the more experienced counselors and psychotherapists for its very thought provoking and interesting content as well as the unusual opportunity to gain insight into the mind and emotions of the practitioner at work. Reference: Kottler, J. A. , Carlson, J. (2003). Bad therapy: Master therapists share their worst failures. New York: Brunner-Routledge. How to cite Bad Therapy, Papers

Human Beings Are Capable of Both Great Good and Great Evil free essay sample

A brutal persecution has been presented on the family, who of which appeal as kind natured people. As Felix finds an unconscious daughter of the late family, he executes a brave proceed, risking his own life for this young girl- ‘I haul the unconscious girl up onto my back, and stagger through the smoke and sparks. ’ Now not only does this young boy have himself to care for, to protect, to feed, and keep alive, but also a young girl, who has already seen too much. Great evil was surrounding the lives of many during the holocaust. The twitch of a trigger ending the life’s of hundreds of thousands of Jews. ‘The cobblestones hurt my face. The gunshots hurt my ears. I start crying. I don’t know what to do. I haven’t got any more stories. ’ As Felix has reached the city after being captured by the Nazi officers, His beloved friend Zelda, who he saved from a house fire, got captured by Nazi Germans with, walked for days in pouring rain, seeing far to deeper versions of evil, and assumed things weren’t right with; had just slipped through that slim line, of life and death. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Beings Are Capable of Both Great Good and Great Evil or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page After a Nazi officer has held a gun to the young girls head, it has suddenly snapped to Felix, that the Nazis are evil, and want to see nothing less or more than pain. His brave self has once again put another before himself, speaking up, begging for her life to be unharmed, only for his plead to be replied to with a gunshot. Unaware of whether Zelda was alive, Felix laid on the cobblestone road. In this example, an act of both great good, and great vil have been perceived, whilst Felix was fighting for his life, trying to get his head around what was happening, Nazi officers are shooting at any Jew they wish, treating them like fish in the sea- plentiful. Their heartless selves laugh at the shooting bullets results. Felix doesn’t yet fully understand what is going on [ 1 ]. The holocaust was a time surrounding WWII, where genocide against all Jewish people in Poland occurred; the massive killing lead by Dictator Adolf Hitler. [ 2 ]. P. [ 3 ]. P. [ 4 ]. P. 73

Do small corporate or SMEs require consultancy services

Introduction Utilizing consultancy services has become one of the most ignored practices by large corporate and SME’s due to diverse issues which include corporate-style practices, unwillingness and the view that purchasing consultancy services is a risky and expensive investment.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Do small corporate or SME’s require consultancy services? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Research done by Antony Buono in his book Current trends in management consulting investigates and compares the practice of business consultancy among small and medium-sized business enterprises (SME’s) with large business organizations. It indicates that the former has thriftily and infrequently used consulting services in their daily operations. This has been largely attributed to the levels of doubt and mistrust which SME’s have on the reliability and efficiency of consultants ’ expertise, and which has greatly impacted on their annual turnover. Sturdy (2009, p. 7) argues that SME’s, just like bigger companies, have consulting needs in areas of developing effective marketing strategies and leadership. As analyzed in this paper, and with reference to a study on consultancy methodologies done by Executive grapevine International Limited in the book UK Directory of Executive Recruitment, consultation services are imperative for improving the ability of SME’s to perform optimally in the competitive global market environment. Additionally, research evidences have shown that most SME investors find it cumbersome to cope with the possible risks in the process of improving their businesses (Neumann, Kellner Dawson-Shepherd, 1997, p.4). For this reason, there is need for SMEs to seek consultation services in order to enhance standard management practices in their operations. For some time now, it has been perceived that consultancy services a re only meant for well established companies (Harrison, 1995 p.40). Further evidence has demonstrated that sole traders and family businesses have not been able to track the techniques and tools that are essential in running sound investments (Block, 1999 p. 34). This has raised controversy on the view and thus the paradigm has highly being criticized. Due to the fact that the world of business is prone to unremitting changes and challenges, consultancy services need to be incorporated even in small businesses. Indeed, small businesses will be in a position to survive more complex risks and uncertainties such as inflation, natural disasters and recession if consultancy services are embraced and fully adopted (Harrison, 1995 p.44).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is against this scope that this paper succinctly seeks to determine whether small corporate or SMEâ₠¬â„¢s require consultancy services and how the same can impact on business performance. Definition of Small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) Reports from statistics by Small Business Service (SBS) indicate that small and medium-sized enterprises offer employment to a majority of workforce in the whole world. In the UK alone, 99.9% of over 4.8 million businesses are SMEs and this provides multinational organizations and the government a target for offering consulting and financial business support. In the UK, the Companies Act defines a small company or business in sections 328 and 465 as that whose employees are not more than 50, whose balance sheet total is less than  £ 3.26 million and whose turnover does not exceed  £ 6.5 million. On the other hand a medium sized company is defined as one whose employees are not exceeding 250 people, whose balance sheet has a total of less than  £ 12.9 million and a turnover that is less than  £ 25.9 million. However, it is important to note that nations have dissimilar definitions for SMEs and as such, Kakabadse (2006, 499) argues that there is no single definition nationally or internationally. From the emerging consensus derived from research, it is apparent that all the small businesses in United Arab Emirates (UAE) can be distinguished in terms of size from large companies by evaluating the number of employees. In UAE, an enterprise is defined to be an SME if the number of employees is less than ten. On the other hand, large companies have an entity of between10 to 100 employees (Obaid, 2011p. 159). It is evident that most SMEs in UAE have workers with limited training as opposed to the case in larger companies. However, survey evidences has shown that there is a higher probability for SME investors to save and invest regardless of the fact that their entrepreneurial skills are slightly below those of larger companies (O’Mahoney, 2010 p.46). Research has also shown that SMEs are relatively flexible as opposed to large companies when it comes to seeking consultancy services, introducing and implementing changes (Obaid, 2011 p. 170).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Do small corporate or SME’s require consultancy services? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moreover, due to their small size, SMEs managers are able to get into contact with customers. This implies that top managers have a high predisposition to final clients hence it is easier to introduce radical changes (Block, 1999 p. 42). This explains why SMEs hire external consultants temporarily as opposed to large and well established companies that need to have a permanent internal consultant who offer consultancy services. This claim can be supported by the fact that large number of SMEs in UAE has low level of investment and skill when compared with large companies (Obaid, 2011 p. 171). Moreover, SMEs have relatively simple products and se rvices produced and in most case, labor is produced by family members. Due to such differences, large companies must have internal consultancy services in order to produce favorable services in all the diverse manufacturing entity (Obaid, 2011 p. 160). However, this should not deny SMEs the opportunity to have internal consultancy services whenever deemed necessary and possible. Management Consulting Consultancy and consultancy role Since there is no clear boundary between a business’ customer related practices like coaching, learning, counseling and mentoring, and business consultancy, it is judicious for this study to provide a definition of consultancy. Kakabadse (2006, 450) points out that consultancy refer to services or other undertakings that a qualified and independent person provides to the public or a business. Though this definition does not focus on roles played by management consultants, it clearly indicates that it is an advisory service provided to or contracte d for an organization by individuals who are trained and qualified. These individuals assist a business in an independent and objective manner to identify problems related to management and analyze them. They also recommend effective solutions and help organizations in implementing them. Roles of business consultants Kakabadse (2006, 452) argues that business consultancy is an important aspect that involves acquiring and sharing information and knowledge necessary for business learning. Due to the fast-changing business environment, top-level managers in SMEs are employing consultancy services with an intention of aiding their businesses devise better strategies of overcoming organizational uncertainties.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This clearly indicates the great need and awareness among organizations on the need for am change and intervention of a professional on business matters. It is important to underscore that a business seeking consultancy services is one which has identified a problem but doe not have adequate knowledge of the nature of the problem and the way out. Many SMEs in the UAE are prone to such problems, and such uncertainty forms the main reason for a higher demand for consulting services. Therefore, due to persistent organizational problems, managers in SMEs are forced to act innovatively and rationally in seeking consultancy services to reduce uncertainties and restore control of business. Kakabadse (2006, 455) argues that the roles carried out by business consultants may be singe and similar or different depending on the situation a business is in, nature of client and the plethora of options. Business consultants may fulfill a variety of business duties depending on a situation and the n eed to ensure that a client is satisfied. Some academics with the same school of thought argue that business consultants play both resource role and process role which cover a broad client base and which are helpful in solving organizational issues. Clark and Salaman (1998, p. 26) posit in their publication that the practice of management consulting has become an important aspect in the business circle today since it assists organizations to develop their overall performance through improvement of advancement plans and analysis of problems existing within an organization. Services of management consultant are drawn and utilized by most organizations which seek to gain access to specialized expertise from consultants and to acquire objective or presumably external advice among many other reasons. It is important to mention that consultancies play pivotal role in the contemporary business environment by providing businesses with operational improvement services, strategy development, technology implementation, developing coaching skills and assisting in managing change. Furthermore, consultancies achieve this by bringing in their own frameworks or proprietary methodologies which aid them in identifying problems within a business and which serve as foundations and component parts for recommending efficient and effective methods of carrying out business activities. Studies indicate that management consulting services given to businesses today are specialized and have diverse specialisms which include virtual management consulting, human resource consulting and information technology consulting. In his publication, Graham (2007, p 17) argues that most of the specialisms overlap, are mostly costly and are provided to bigger businesses by diversified and larger consultancies. Organizations which may not be able to afford such services opt for boutique consultancies which are smaller in size and offer limited specialism. Currently, many nations have consulting firms o f three main types which include boutique firms, medium sized consultancies and the large diversified firms which offer consulting expertise globally, in functional areas and in industries. From the review of literature, it is definite that consultancy services are essential for small businesses since it assists them to grow. Research evidences derived from surveys in UAE have shown that there is need for SMEs to have an insight toward business management in the emerging market (Neumann, Keller, Dawson-Shepherd, 1997 p.32). It has been analyzed that the level of consultancy services has relatively been done away with in business sectors in UAE. For instance, in the banking system, it is has been observed that lack of consultancy services in sole traders has led to the fall of entrepreneurial skills and particularly the customer services provided to clients. Recently, in-depth interviews conducted among marketing experts have shown that there is need for SMEs to apply consultancy se rvices in their business (Obaid, 2011 p. 160). Research survey has indicated that due to lack of consultancy services among SMEs traders, investors have not been able to provide customers services satisfactorily. Most of the areas focused by the literature review include overall service provided such as management services, customer Service and resolution of complaints from clients. However, despite the fact that SMEs in UAE lack consultancy services; satisfaction was achieved in some areas (Obaid, 2011 p. 167). For instance, on the manner through which customers responses, resolution and encouraging lodging of complains by customers. On the same note, it has been observed that there are some significant efforts being made by small business to execute satisfying services to clients. Nevertheless, research has shown that few of the businesses in UAE still lag behind. Recent survey has shown that the annual benchmarking index in the banking system has advanced in excellence since2010. For instance, 21 banks were surveyed in Dubai and the results indicated that customer service has been improved and thus the annual performance has gone up (Obaid, 2011 p. 162). Further studies have demonstrated that the significant improvement could be as a result of some of the SMEs applying consultancy services to improve their customer care services. On a relative note though, researchers claim that consultancy services could be preferred as the best practice to overcome concurrent crises in financial, banking and other institutions in UAE (Obaid, 2011 p. 158). For this case, analysis done indicates that consultancy services have become popular tools amongst SMEs thus improving their administration and coordination of management-related activities. From the review, most of the areas where consultancy services have been applied include data storage, and customer care service department. Further findings from the literature review indicates that increased application of consultan cy services would lead to better relationship and customer retention in SMEs business(Grint Case,1998 p. 102). Management consultancy practices in SMEs would actually require a sophisticated process in order to have outstanding outcomes in business operations. In this case, when determining the consultants for the business one needs to consider persons who are knowledgeable to the business being undertaken (O’Mahoney, 2010 p.24). For instance, SMEs investors in banking systems need to hire consultants who are well conversant to banking services (Grint Case, 1998 p. 62). Furthermore, from a theoretical perspective, research has emphasized on the need to have consultants who are well connected to the business. This can be considered by evaluating their publicity and experience in the respective industry. Research has confirmed that applicability of consultation services in SMEs should be derived form persons who are effective in communication (Block, 1999 p. 12). This can be derived from the fact that some of the SMEs business managers in UAE have often been unable to derive advices from consultants due to miscommunication. Organizational learning The process of business consultation underpins the idea of organizational learning through transfer of skills. This, as Kakabadse (2006, 460) points out is observed in the role of a consultant in helping a business manager to be a sufficiently competent diagnostician. Consultants provide organizations with an opportunity to learn hoe to improve their performance and solve certain organization problems themselves. Grint and Case, (1998 p. 62) agree with Kakabadse ’s argument and point out that the role of business consultants to SMEs does not only stop at problem solving but helping managers to understand the cause and nature of the issues. As such, they facilitate organizational learning through building the capacity of business owners to diagnose situations and carry out effective management. SMEs in t he UAE having projects seek consultancy services not only for survival, but to also facilitate organizational learning. Learning in these organizations in essence forms part and parcel of consultation process. Kakabadse (2006, 470) points out that due to the rapidly changing business environment learning has become an important component for the survival of businesses. Organizational learning is brought about by a problematic situation that leads a business through a consultant to restructure their activities and improve its outcomes and expectations. The question of whether corporate or small and medium-sized enterprises require consultancy services is that of either adapting or dying. The business environment in the UAE and in most parts of the universe is increasingly changing and becoming competitive. As such consultation services for organizational learning among SME’s are required, and this is not to create change, but to aid managers to organically manage change (Mugha n, Lloyd-Reason Zimmerman, 2004, p.425). One important factor about SME’s in the UAE is that with consultations services, they are able to quickly adapt to the changing environment in the market place. The challenge they are faced with comes from traditional consulting firms that sell them business process re-engineering projects, change management and continuous improvement initiatives which are inappropriate. However, Drucker points out in his model on management by objectives that reflects on the extended nature of consultation services in the UAE that there is potential danger to a business when consultancy services extends beyond the duration a CEO takes in a business. The inherent and dynamic nature of SME’s can make them adapt to the changing environments, but require consultation services to effectively manage resources, create better organizational structures and add considerable value to the business (Soriano, 2003, p.411). Organization traits that ensure sm all corporate or SMEs demonstrate the benefit of consultancy As mentioned above, there are organizational aspects that make SMEs to benefit from the consultancy services. In this case, the facts that SMEs are small in size make them easier to organize (Clark Fincham, 2002 p. 44). Research has shown that complex mechanics in organizations make consultation task complicated. SMEs size helps to easily improve the performance of the business since consultants can be able to understand their design at a glance. Moreover, SMEs are easier to determine the overall performance and how it can be improved as opposed to large companies (Clark Fincham, 2002 p. 47). Furthermore, the other aspect that makes SMEs to benefit from consultancy services is that they are easier to evaluate and analyze the impact of change within a short period of time. For this reason, consultants can easily identify significant strategies to be implemented from their potential impacts. Additionally, the fact that SME s deals with simple products makes it easier to prepare sales proposals (Clark Salaman, 1998 p.91). For this case, consultancy services act as a booster on how to adequately define the produc9ts and capture customers. Why both small size corporate and SME’s require consultancy services They play major economic roles in the business arena Small corporate and medium sized enterprises are some of the leading and commonly recognized that pose enormous impacts on both economic and social environment due to the their economic activities. Neumann, Kellner, and Dawson-Shepherd (1997, p. 45) indicate that many companies in the UAE fall under the category of SME’s and offer diverse goods and services as well as carrying out the important role of supplying large enterprises. They add that the performance of SME’s in the UAE, whether negative or positive, has been considered as influential as those found around the Asia-Pacific region owing to the massive economic growth b eing experienced in the region. Indeed their strong influence on social and economic matters as well as their impact on the environment is very significant not only in diversity, but also in magnitude. However, their level of access and use of consultation services from consultancy services have not been efficient and have as such failed to yield impressive results they need especially when they are compared with larger companies. Clark and Fincham (2002, p. 65) strongly support the argument above and point out that their failure to effectively utilize consulting services has made SME’s in the UAE and most regions of the world to remain weak (Sandberg Werr, 2003, p.61). While economists widely accept that the role being played by SME’s are significant for the development of the economy in the UAE, they exert considerable pressure on the need for them to seek consultancy services individually and not collectively (Schein, 2002, p.86). Business management analysts in th e UAE hold a similar view that when it comes to energy and resources, the SME’s are voracious consumers and this has a significant impact on the generation and production of waste by-products. However, without consulting services to obtain expertise and advice, the SME’s are deprived the opportunity to achieve full potential. O’Mahoney (2010, p. 120) argues that this is because most SME’s in the UAE use obsolete technology, are resistant to changes, lack marketing information, cannot access export markets and lack finances. These problems are majorly contributed by the fact that there is a little consultations service given to them, and owners of the companies carry out decision making activities on their own. Consultancy services will definitely have positive impacts on small business owners since they will be able to improve their management practices in business (Caulat DeHaan, 2006 37). This implies that wrong business decisions will be decimated and only the helpful solutions will be adopted to improve and sustain small businesses (O’Mahoney, 2010 p.56). One of the possible impacts of consultancy services in SMEs if that it will be possible to manage changes occurring in the business environment. An in-depth survey done in UAE has shown that SMEs investors are able to amake commitments on how to dynamically expand their businesses amid risks such as inflation and recession (Critchley, Higgins King, 2006 p.112). Moreover, the service help managers to review the operation of their businesses independently thus making suggestion on how to improve them (Caulat DeHaan, 2006 39). Besides this, consultancy services results to dynamism and growth of businesses on regular basis. In this case, they act as the guidelines through which foundation for SMEs businesses are set. This is essential in establishing the best management processes in a business. That notwithstanding, consultancy services impact on the experiences in the se nse that SMEs managers are able to successful learn their businesses on their own (Caulat DeHaan, 2006 p.51). Such experiences help investors to overcome failures and challenges and also promote indiscriminate exchange of various levels of experience. To enhance GDP distribution, export and job creation The effective and efficient performance of SME’s in the global business environment can be enhanced through continuous consultation with expertise on business matters. Statistics indicate that corporate and small and medium-sized businesses represent a GDP growth of over 54.3% in the business sector (Binns, 1993, p. 203). In terms of exports, the small and medium-sized businesses play a significant role in the global economy by adding to the growth of the economy. For instance, a considerable percentage of exporting companies with an employee base of less than a hundred people are by SME’s while over 57% of exports are done by large firms. Moreover, in the employment s ector, about 64% of employees in the private sector are SME employed (Binns, 1993, p. 90). Critchley, Higgins King (2006, p. 100) argue that this can be enhanced when SMEs conduct more consultations. Indeed, since the SME’s drive most economies in the business environment and as such need more management consultancy services than larger firms. Critical arguments on SME’s and consulting services Consulting services may be a risk to SME’s in terms of cost The cost of using consulting services among small and medium enterprises may be high and may impact on the growth of a businesses due to the nature and type of a consulting firm they go to. One of the major criticisms regarding management consulting which Schein (1995, p. 17) posits in his article Process consultation, action research and clinical inquiry: are they the same? is the overwhelming tendency that consultancies have that focuses on an organizations operational performance with little consideration on the context of their operation. These bench consultants, as Schein refer to them, fail to consider the context of SME’s and as such make their services inaccessible due to cost issues. His argument hinges on the fact that this kind of consulting service reflects body shopping and is a common approach prevalent in larger consulting firms. Such consultation firms target both big companies and smaller ones but aim at providing large teams of consultants to work for a lengthy period time and to undertake complex projects. Even though small and medium-sized businesses deserve more consultation services, the methods that consultancies use involve continuous use of corporate-style practices on sometimes unwilling and unsuspecting clients. Consequently, this makes purchasing of consultation services by the SME’s to be expensive and to be seen as a risky investment. In his publication, Caulat and De Haan (2006, p. 25) argue that for SME’s consultation services should tar get creation and addition of value to business. Neil Smelser echoes Caulat and De Haan’s sentiments in his value adding theory that the ability of a business to perform well economically requires addition of value which may in turn enhance its ability to become productive. As one would expect, this requires creativity on resourcing consultants and innovation in content and delivery of consulting services. However, small consultancy firms argue that they lack marble atriums and as such prefer big companies that they provide to a fraction of service for complete payment does not serve the ever growing needs of corporate and SME’s in the marketplace. Caulat and De Haan (2006, p. 26) further point out that the perspective held by the small cannot solve different issues SME’s have. As a matter of fact, business leaders in the SME deserve consulting services that are more focused and which are cost effective. Block (1999, p. 90) concurs with Caulat and De Haan’ s arguments and indicates that these prevents SME’s from accessing important services necessary for boosting their performance and add value to their activities. Consultancy services may increase the ability of SME’s to compete favorably in the global market arena Mary Jo Hatch posits in her model of business dynamics that the ability of an organization to compete favorably in the competitive market environment rests on its ability to sustain competitive advantage over others (Wood, 2002, p.88). Hamel Prahald echoes Hatch’s opinion in his model of core competence by indicating that consultancy services are key components that a business requires to gain management strategies and technological know-how imperative for businesses in the market today. Indeed, in the industries in the UAE and other economies of the world, technology plays a major role in the growth of businesses and attainment of competitive edge key in business success. However, Blake and Mouton (19 76, p. 45) posit that many SME’s are lagging behind due to the fact that they lack consultancy services on the use of technology to build social networking and internet capabilities. Even though their argument is bias and tend to indicate that the knowledge to use technological by a business comes from consultation services, one aspect that clearly emanates from their argument is that consultation services can introduce SME’s to technologies which are new and proven. Consequently, this can provide SME’s with platforms which are cost effective and stable for their business growth. Conclusion To sum up, the arguments in this paper support the thesis statement that â€Å"utilizing consultancy services has become one of the most ignored practices by small corporate and SME’s due to diverse issues which include corporate-style practices, unwillingness and the view that purchasing consultancy services is a risky and expensive investment†. From the discus sions, consultancy services have been brought out as important components not only for solving organizational problems, but also for organizational learning through providing managers with solutions and capacity to tackle business issues. it is also evident that all business oriented organizations do require consultation services in order to obtain expert advice for the sole purpose of their growth and development. Most importantly are the SME’s in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) which need such services to adapt to the changing needs in the business environment. As pointed out in the analysis, consulting firms should provide small corporate with guidance at product and strategic levels and act as credible investment vehicles for them. Furthermore, research evidences have shown that SMEs should have consultancy services in order to improve on their performance on customer care and management services. It is definite that companies all over the world need to have consultancy se rvices in order to enhance sustainable growth in spite of the spontaneous changes experienced in the business world. Essentially, consultancy services aid businesses to incorporate necessary changes in order to overcome challenges and risk such as recession, inflation and natural disasters References Binns, P 1993, â€Å"Some reflections on parallel process, shadow consulting and learning laboratories†, ACG Shadow Consulting day. Blake, R.R Mouton, J.S. 1976, â€Å"Consultation. Reading, Mass†, Addison-Wesley. Block, P. 1999. Flawless Consulting. A guide to getting your expertise used. San Francisco: Jossey Bass. Caulat, G. DeHaan, E. 2006. â€Å"Virtual peer consultation: How virtual leaders learn.† Organization People 13(4): 8. Clark, T Fincham, R 2002. â€Å"Critical consulting: new perspectives on the management advice industry†, Oxford, Blackwell. Clark, T Salaman, G. 1998. â€Å"Creating the right impression: towards a dramaturgy of management consultancy†, The Service Industries Journal 18(1): 18-38. Critchley, B, Higgins, J King, K 2006, â€Å"Field Research into the Practice of Relational Consulting†, Ashridge Consulting. Graham, P.R. 2007, â€Å"Management consultants: How to win friends and influence people?† Ashridge paper. Grint, K., Case, P. 1998. â€Å"The violent rhetoric of re-engineering: management consultancy on the offensive.† Journal of Management Studies  35(5): 557-577. Harrison, R. 1995. Consultant’s Journey. Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill. Kakabadse, N.K. 2006, â€Å"Consultant’s Role: A Qualitative Inquiry from the Consultant’s Perspective,† Journal of Management Development, 25 (5): 416-500. Mughan, T., Lloyd-Reason, L., Zimmerman, C. 2004. â€Å"Management consulting and international business support for SMEs: Need and obstacles†. Education Training, 46(8), 424-432. Neumann, J., Kellner, K., Dawson-Shepherd, A. 1997. Developing Organiza tional Consultancy. London, Routledge. Obaid, H. 2011. â€Å"Potential for the application of emerging market Z-score in UAE Islamic banks†. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 4(2), 158-173. O’Mahoney, J. 2010, â€Å"Management consultancy†. Oxford, Oxford University Press. Sandberg, R. Werr, A. 2003, â€Å"The three challenges of corporate consultingâ€Å", MIT Sloan Management Review, Spring, pp. 59-66. Schein, E. 2002, â€Å"Consulting: what should it mean?† in Clark, T. and Fincham, R. (Eds), Critical Consulting: New Perspectives on the Management Advice Industry, Blackwell Business, Oxford. Schein, E.H. 1995, â€Å"Process consultation, action research and clinical inquiry: are they the same?† Journal of Managerial Psychology 110(6): 14-19. Soriano, D.R. 2003, â€Å"The impact of consulting service on Spanish firms†, Journal of Small Business Management, 41(4): 409-416. Sturdy, A 2009, â€Å" Popular critiques of consultancy and the politics of management mearning†, Management Learning 40(4): 7. Wood, P. 2002, â€Å"The rise of consultancyand the prospect for regionsâ€Å", in Clark, T. and Fincham, R. (Eds), Critical Consulting: New Perspectives on the Management Advice Industry, Blackwell Business, Oxford. This research paper on Do small corporate or SME’s require consultancy services? was written and submitted by user Graysen Floyd to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Proposal for The Corporate Governece

Proposal for The Corporate Governece MSc Dissertation Proposal on:Gender diversity and board-level governance impact on the agency cost and firm performanceStatement of proposed aims, points of interests and importance of outcomes.On the increment of a firm to a threshold, a common phenomenon is observed that for many years professional bodies have been seeking for an effective way of measure for the following factors: Firm Governance, Effectiveness of Agency Costs, Firm Performance and value in order to maintain the organisation is a logical order. However, from the reviewed related articles and self knowledge that there are many proposed ways of measure of above stated factors and most importantly, they seem to act on an individual basis with attached conditions in certain extent. Therefore, by consulting with the official released literatures the brief of proposed aims of this dissertation is set as follows to discuss and merge the findings from existing professional bodies to form a compact and comprehensive method( s) in reference to firm's Governance, Agency Cost, Performance and Firm Value:Initially, the measure of NED independent level is discussed and to conclude if better or higher independent level is preferred within this context. How the independent level of the NED can reduce the Agency Cost(s) and to increase the Firm Value.Within range of independence level, two further discussions are attached in terms of Women and Social Network. The analysis is carried out by comparing women's social network with men's to investigate whether women are more independent than men.Attendance behaviours of individual directors and the committee assignment are measured to verify if the independent of a director is associated with good governance such that high attendance is strongly associated with my " independent " measure or to form the relationship in between.Cash flow and divided payment are also used at a...

Odani Motohiko, SP2 New Born (Viper A), mixed media in acrylic case Essay

Odani Motohiko, SP2 New Born (Viper A), mixed media in acrylic case (paraffin, steel, reinforced plastic fibers), 2007 - Essay Example The first picture that comes to one’s mind when he/she comes in contact with the Odani Motohiko SP2 New Born is a picture of a sea-horse. To some people, the actual message sent by this piece of art is quite unclear. This has made led to some criticism arguing that Odani Motohiko has answers â€Å"hanging in the air†. It is quite challenging to determine the kind of material used to create this piece of work. This may require an analysis that entails engaging in a physical contact with the art. However, generalized arguments may conclude that it is made from plastic materials or even refined clay soil. Many questions may be elicited when one comes in contact with this piece of work i.e. questions revolving around time, human facets fear et cetera. The artist claims that this piece of work creates a sense of futuristic feeling among viewers. The art also brings a sense of movement, uniqueness, dynamism, transformation as well as speed in the field of art. Research has shown that the field of art and sculpture was almost â€Å"dying†, the essence of the sculpture seems to be regenerated by the Odani Motohiko. In this regard, it seems that the Odani Motohiko brings a fresh look in the history of culture through evolution of the manner by, which sculptures are created i.e. through modern technology, presentation and the kinds of sense they elicit. It is also apparent that the art takes a dimension of modern piece of art work. To begin with, the materials used are contemporary i.e. steel, plastics et cetera. There is also a modern sense of presentation; it basically entails using modern mode of lighting, painting as well as storage. This may lead to a conclusion that this piece of art lacks historical continuity hence differentiating it from other pieces of ancient art work. "Google Images." Google Images. N.p., n.d.

A concise report Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 1

A concise report - Case Study Example Inasmuch as there seems to be so many opportunities in companies going global, businesses are expected to ensure that they develop effective business strategies and approaches that can enable them to keep pace with the great competition at this stage. In this regard, success in marketing seems to be among the best strategies that businesses operating globally can use as their competitive advantage. In deciding on the marketing approach, it is important that businesses understand the characteristics of the markets in which they are reaching in order to devise strategies that can appeal to the people in that market. With effective marketing, businesses can easily get their goods in shelves in wholesale and retail stores, which is necessary in order for them to be successful. Marketing strategies are not homogeneous, what may have been successful in the domestic market may not prove to be successful in the global market as well, which underpins the need for effective research and understanding of the global market before launching in the new market. This paper examines the different marketing approaches used by companies going global, focusing on the effectiveness of the relationship marketing approach as opposed to traditional/transactional approach in the global markets. The term â€Å"global marketing environment† is sometimes very complex to describe or explain since it encompasses various issues in the global business environment that are never constant, always changing. In order to have the best approach towards understanding what entails the global marketing environment, it is important that one examines some of the current literature and changes in the business environment. In the modern business world, the changing behavior and buying patterns of customers as the proliferation of many and new marketing channels have set up many new issues in the business environment

Bulgaria: High Internet penetration potential for e-commerce

Bulgaria: High Internet penetration potential for e-commerce Coursework in Management Futures Executive Summary The aim of this report is to evaluate the opportunity for development of e-commerce in Bulgaria. The report will examine if there is demand for e-commerce in Bulgaria, if e-commerce might be restricted in some way and if it will be profitable for businesses. This will be achieved by examining the Internet penetration in Bulgaria, its future growth and other corresponding data and statistics. Advantages and Disadvantages as well as a SWOT analysis of e-commerce in will be discussed to evaluate the potential of it in the Bulgarian market. A brief description of the issue investigated The Internet is a global network connecting millions of computers. More than 100 countries are linked into exchanges of data, news and opinions. It exists since 1957 and was found by the Advanced Research Projects Agency of the US department of defense. In Bulgaria, Internet usage has grown significantly especially for the last seven or eight years, but it exists since 1989. It is mostly put into practice for communication and for searching of information. It has become a very useful tool, which is part of peoples daily lives not only in Bulgaria but also all over the world. Due to the ability of the Internet to reach a large number of people in all corners of the world, it has become a mean for electronic trading, also known as e-commerce. E-commerce is the trade of products and services by means of the Internet or other computer networks. E-commerce is very popular in developed countries. It exists since 1991 and since then has grown considerably. It has become a very convenient way to purchase goods and services online in the free time without wasting time to travel to difference stores and having 24-hour access. E-commerce exists in Bulgaria too, but it is still on a very low level even though the Internet has one of the greatest user growths in the European Union. In the period between 2000 and 2007 the Internet in Bulgaria has grown with 412 %. The fast user growth in Bulgaria and the large percentage of active users online is a great opportunity for Bulgarian businesses to reach a vast amount of customer online where they can start offering their products and services. This way they would not only reach more potential customers locally, but will also have the opportunity to expand abroad if demand spreads. Relevant Statistics for Bulgaria The Internet has become a retractable part of most households in Bulgaria. Surveillances show that the number of people who use Internet actively has increased by 100% for the last three years. Today, around 2Â  600Â  000 people, more that 33% of the population uses Internet at home and work. However, statistics also show that almost 80% of the population can have Internet access when needed. The main purpose it is used for is for communication, e.g. e-mail, chat and Internet calls and for searching of information, e.g. job search, current news. Despite the rapid growth of the quality of the Internet provided and the increase in Internet users, Bulgaria still is one of the countries with lowest positions for e-commerce. According to the National Statistical Institute, from 50% of the Internet users searching for goods and services online, only 7.6% have made a purchase. Thus every second Internet user has searched for goods online but did not find what they were looking for. Thirty thousand people have taken part in a survey done by Nielsen Online about the optimizing of online products. The research shows that 60% of the Internet users are aged between 18 and 35 and 22% of the participants have stated that they have income higher than 1000 levs. This is a relatively high salary for this country. The age range, which is predominant consisting of young people who tend to be high consumers. Young people who are still students, are very good at tormenting their parents for receiving what they want, on the other hand the ones who have graduated and have started working tend to spend their wages for satisfying their wants. Statistics also show that 2/3 of the Internet users are employed and the rest are mostly students. The main problem with online shopping for most Internet users is the threat of information theft, especially financial information. In computing it is known as phishing. Phising is an attempt to criminally and fraudulently acquire sensitive information, such as usernames, passwords and credit card details, by masquerading as a trustworthy entity in an electronic communication. Most like targets are online banks and e-commerce businesses that allow online payments like Paypal and E-Pay for Bulgaria. However statistics for E-Pay show that in 2008 transactions per month done through e-pay are on average between 10 and 11 million levs. This is a relatively high transaction rate for the country, but most of these transactions are done for paying bills other than for purchasing of goods. An advantage for online shopping in Bulgaria is that goods can be paid at the time of delivery, which is a way that people who are afraid to pay online would prefer. Products that are most often offered online in Bulgaria are books, office stationary and electronic devices (phones, cameras), which is a very limited offering of products. However, Bulgarian e-commerce should have a very promising future if it develops. For now in Bulgaria, most online shoppers rely on the e-commerce from abroad. Businesses in Bulgaria are missing on a great deal of potential customers due to the lapse of offering their products online. According to statistics of Visa International, during 2005 the volume of e-payments of Bulgarians with Visa in the Internet had increased with almost 100%. The total value of the online transactions made to virtual traders outside the country is 14.3 million US dollars. E-trade has a very good opportunity to grow in Bulgaria since the online users are constantly increasing and have the desire to explore new prospects that the internet might offer to them. Consumerism in Bulgaria is likely to increase rapidly too, due to the economical growth in the country, since its entrance in the EU. However Euro Stat has registered high inflation of 13.4% at the moment, which might slow down the economical growth. According to the European committee even slow the economic growth will continue in Bulgaria. An outline of the analysis undertaken According to the data show above the development of e-commerce in Bulgaria seems promising due to the combination of the following trends: Bulgaria has a high sample of potential of online customers, as 30% of its population use Internet actively and 80% can have Internet access when needed. People can have access at home, work and in public Internet cafes. 50% of the Internet users are interested in buying goods online. For 2005 Bulgarians have spend more than $14 million online, buying product from other countries. Most Internet users in Bulgaria are educated people with relatively high income. The economic state in Bulgaria is going to ameliorate in the future, which is a good base for the growth of consumerism. According to the SWOT analysis-undertaken e-commerce has a lot of strengths for both customers and business, which should be considered. E-trade is convenient for both because: It is fast as there is no need to go outside, travel, visit different shops and compare prices. Easy as the shopping can be done in the comfort of your own home with a few clicks. Cheap as the online offering of product can be less costly for businesses, which gives them the chance to offer more competitive prices for consumers. Consumers can choose from millions of products, which are all displayed on their computer. Businesses can online only sell their products by displaying them online, but also advertise them further, as consumers can easily find them. One disturbing weakness that has arisen in the Bulgarian e-trade was the legislation included in the Law for Protection of Consumer, which stated that the person who delivers the product doesnt have the right to receive payment in advance before the period of 7 days. This caused major difficulties for both buyers and sellers. Therefore a correction in the law followed, it stated that the person who delivers could take this payment with the consumers agreement. Maybe this law should be investigated further but for now existing e-commerce organisations do not have a problem doing their business online. More trends can be useful to examine the potential demand for e-commerce businesses. A research on what products Internet user would prefer to buy online, can help specific businesses balance their advantages and disadvantages for undertaking the step to sell online. Also some of the trends found might not be very realistic due to the small number of sample marketed. However over all if the economy in Bulgaria grows and people have more disposable income, e-commerce will be a success, as it will safe people time and money, and give profit to business. A discussion of the main findings From the findings above I can derive that e-commerce business has the potential to grow fast like it has grown in more developed countries all over the world. E-trade can offer companies the advantage of reaching their customers 24-7 and globally. Businesses can also diminish costs by advertising online for less and eliminating the need for large warehouse buildings for storing and displaying their stock. Another great advantage is the opportunity Internet gives for gaining a large number of contacts, which can lead to positive business developments and ventures. Word count: 1913 Reference: Dave Site (no date) History of Internet. Retrieved on 15 May 2008 from: http://www.davesite.com/webstation/net-history.shtml Dir.bg (2008) One third of the Internet users are in Sofia. Retrieved on 16 May 2008 from: http://sofia.dir.bg/2008/05/13/news2987502.html E-commerce land (no date) History of e-commerce. Retrieved on 15 May 2008 from: http://www.ecommerce-land.com/history_ecommerce.html Econ (2008) Economic growth in our country will remain one of the highest in Europe. Retrieved on 16 May 2008 from: http://www.econ.bg/news/article140523.html E-pay (2008) Statistics for payment in E-pay. Retrieved on 16 May 2008 from: https://www.epay.bg/?page=frontHYPERLINK https://www.epay.bg/?page=frontp=front_wikiwpage=statsHYPERLINK https://www.epay.bg/?page=frontp=front_wikiwpage=statsp=front_wikiHYPERLINK https://www.epay.bg/?page=frontp=front_wikiwpage=statsHYPERLINK https://www.epay.bg/?page=frontp=front_wikiwpage=statswpage=stats E-shop BG (2003) E-trade in Bulgaria. Retrieved on 15 May 2008 from: www.abcbg.com/download/eshop-13nov2003.ppt EuroStat (2008) Newsletter. Retrieved on 16 May 2008 from: hHYPERLINK http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page?_pageid=1073,46587259_dad=portal_schema=PORTALp_product_code=LN-042008ttp://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page?_pageid=1073,46587259HYPERLINK http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page?_pageid=1073,46587259_dad=portal_schema=PORTALp_product_code=LN-042008HYPERLINK http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page?_pageid=1073,46587259_dad=portal_schema=PORTALp_product_code=LN-042008_dad=portalHYPERLINK http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page?_pageid=1073,46587259_dad=portal_schema=PORTALp_product_code=LN-042008HYPERLINK http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page?_pageid=1073,46587259_dad=portal_schema=PORTALp_product_code=LN-042008_schema=PORTALHYPERLINK http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page?_pageid=1073,46587259_dad=portal_schema=PORTALp_product_code=LN-042008HYPERLINK http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page?_pageid=1073,46587259_dad=portal_schema=POR TALp_product_code=LN-042008p_product_code=LN-042008 Internet Reklama (2006) E-trade increases twice. Retrieved on 16 May 2008 from: http://internetreklama.com/bulgaria/ecommerce-bg-x2/ Internet reklama (2007) 2.6 million internet users in Bulgaria. Retrieved on 15 May 2008 from: http://internetreklama.com/internet/2600000/ Internet reklama (2008) National Statistics Institute for Internet in Bulgaria. Retrieved on 15 May 2008 from: http://internetreklama.com/bulgaria/nsi-2008/ Internet reklama (2008) National Statistics Institute for Internet in Bulgaria. Retrieved on 15 May 2008 from: http://internetreklama.com/bulgaria/nsi-2008/ Internet reklama2 (2007) They resolved the advanced payments. Retrieved on 16 May 2008 from: http://internetreklama.com/internet/e-trade/e-computerworld/ Internet world stats (2008) European Union internet users. Retrieved on 15 May 2008 from: http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats9.htm Sega (2008) One third of the Internet users are in Sofia. Retrieved on 16 May 2008 from: http://www.segabg.com/online/article.asp?issueid=2971HYPERLINK http://www.segabg.com/online/article.asp?issueid=2971sectionid=24id=0001403HYPERLINK http://www.segabg.com/online/article.asp?issueid=2971sectionid=24id=0001403sectionid=24HYPERLINK http://www.segabg.com/online/article.asp?issueid=2971sectionid=24id=0001403HYPERLINK http://www.segabg.com/online/article.asp?issueid=2971sectionid=24id=0001403id=0001403 Timeline (no date) Internet history. Retrieved on 15 May 2008 from: http://timeline.hit.bg/ Webopedia (no date) Internet. Retrieved on 15 May 2008 from: http://webopedia.internet.com/TERM/I/Internet.html Wikipedia (no date) Phising. Retrieved on 16 May 2008 from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phishing Zoom-Online (no date) What is e-commerce: advantages and draw backs. Retrieved on 15 May 2008 from: http://www.zoom-online.co.uk/e-commerce/what_is_ecommerce_advantages_and_drawbacks.html Appendices Appendix 1 InternetUsageintheEuropeanUnion EUROPEANHYPERLINK http://www.internetworldstats.com/europa.htmUNION Population (2007Est.) InternetUsers, LatestData Penetration (%Population) Usage %inEU UserGrowth (2000-2007) Austria 8,199,783 4,650,000 56.7% 1.7% 121.4% Belgium 10,392,226 5,100,000 49.1% 1.9% 155.0% Bulgaria 7,322,858 2,200,000 30.0% 0.8% 411.6% Cyprus 788,457 356,000 45.2% 0.1% 197.2% CzechHYPERLINK http://www.internetworldstats.com/europa.htm#czRepublic 10,228,744 5,100,000 49.9% 1.9% 410.0% Denmark 5,468,120 3,762,500 68.8% 1.4% 92.9% Estonia 1,315,912 760,000 57.8% 0.3% 107.3% Finland 5,238,460 3,286,000 62.7% 1.2% 70.5% France 63,718,187 34,851,835 54.7% 12.8% 310.0% Germany 82,400,996 53,240,115 64.6% 19.5% 121.8% Greece 10,706,290 3,800,000 35.5% 1.4% 280.0% Hungary 9,956,108 3,500,000 35.2% 1.3% 389.5% Ireland 4,109,086 2,060,000 50.1% 0.8% 162.8% Italy 58,147,733 33,143,152 57.0% 12.1% 151.1% Latvia 2,259,810 1,070,800 47.4% 0.4% 613.9% Lithuania 3,575,439 1,221,700 34.2% 0.4% 443.0% Luxembourg 480,222 339,000 70.6% 0.1% 239.0% Malta 401,880 127,200 31.7% 0.0% 218.0% Netherlands 16,570,613 14,544,400 87.8% 5.3% 272.9% Poland 38,518,241 11,400,000 29.6% 4.2% 307.1% Portugal 10,642,836 7,782,760 73.1% 2.8% 211.3% Romania 22,276,056 7,000,000 31.4% 2.6% 775.0% Slovakia 5,447,502 2,500,000 45.9% 0.9% 284.6% Slovenia 2,009,245 1,250,000 62.2% 0.5% 316.9% Spain 40,448,191 22,843,915 56.5% 8.4% 324.0% Sweden 9,031,088 6,981,200 77.3% 2.6% 72.5% UnitedHYPERLINK http://www.internetworldstats.com/europa.htm#ukKingdom 60,776,238 40,362,842 66.4% 14.8% 162.1% EuropeanUnion 490,430,321 273,234,619 55.7% 100.0% 189.5% Source: Internet world stats (2008) Malaysia S Transportation Sector: SWOT Analysis Malaysia S Transportation Sector: SWOT Analysis A scan of the internal and external environment is a main part of the strategic planning. Environmental factors internal to the firm generally can be classified as strength (S) or weakness (W) and those external to the firm can be classified as opportunities (O) or threats (T). Such an analysis of the strategic environment is referred to as SWOT analysis. STRENGTHS Malaysia is Multi-Racial Malaysia is a multi-racial, multi-ethnic society and opens to each one. The 3 main cultures, Malay, Chinese and Indian create an interesting Malaysian society yet still leave it open for other cultures to join and thrive. In Malaysia, you will experience the Malay, Chinese and Indian festivals, food, literature, clothing, religion and culture. Affordable Healthcare Healthcare in Malaysia is world-class and more affordable compared to the United States. Doctors and hospitals have the same standard or superior to American doctors and hospitals and care is world-renowned. Healthcare is good in Malaysia. It is one of the top destinations for medical tourism. In Malaysia, you can only visualize how good your healthcare options will be. Education Malaysias education system is mainly based on the British system and it is better than some other countries in the region such as Thailand, Vietnam and Cambodia. Compulsory subjects include English and Malay, so any children has to grow up fluent in both languages. Ease of Language English is the language spoken by most people in Malaysia. When a person moves to Malaysia, he does not have to suffer by the local language to get things done and the life becomes easier for them. Buying a house, a car, set up utilities, furniture and household items, everything is easier due to being able to deal with things in English. Good Infrastructure Malaysia has a world-class infrastructure and the Roads are excellent. The water supply, drain systems and power grids are stable and telecommunication including phones and internet are phenomenal. Living and Working in Malaysia for western expatriate is made even easier due to its western-standard infrastructure. OPPORTUNITIES Malaysias strong emerging economy is a preferred destination for foreign companies and a fertile ground for local businesses to flourish. In this thriving, business environment job opportunities are created to attract both local as well as foreign talents. There are huge opportunities here and it is often only a matter of getting the right working permit. For Non-Malaysians it is required to convince your potential employer that they help you to get the essential paper work completed in the case of applicable working permit, expatriates a full, a commitment that an employer may be reluctant to make until they are confident that the appointment is going to work out. In Malaysia there is a strong demand here for quality candidates with good qualifications and experience. Managerial positions in development, energy, business and engineering corporations are often the typical option for the relocated worker in Malaysia. The private education sector is excellent in Malaysia, with a number of reputed international institutions, diversified and extensive courses offering and high quality, internationally recognized standards, and featuring the British, German and French curricula as common options. When coming to the food industry of Malaysia, internationally aware individuals have been able to run fashionable, niche and successful activities combining gourmet cuisine, design, care for the details, and providing customers with an overall experiential moment. Malaysians inexhaustible passion for food and adventure have made food industry a vibrant sector. Hospitality, Tourism and management is also enjoying a renaissance in Malaysia by offering five-star stays while providing boutique and heritage experiences like nowhere else on Earth. National Chambers of Commerce in Malaysia give opportunity to connect with companies interested in hiring people with international expertise and experience. WEAKNESSES Lack of Medical Tourism: Strict guidelines implemented for medical advertisement. In Malaysia doctors are only allowed to put up ads with the following information- name, address, qualifications, and telephone numbers. The Medicines Advertisement Board in Malaysia must approve even websites of medical institutions. Thus the medical tourism industry of Malaysia lacks in impressive promotional activities and impressive websites. Inconvenient social visit pass process: The procedures for extension of the social visit pass in Malaysia are very inconvenience and can be very difficult. It is required to complete an application form and the applicant must submit it along with his/her passport and confirmed flight ticket to the home country personally. Obviously such requirements make it impossible to be fulfilled by a person admitted in a hospital, such as in the case of a medical tourist. Lack of coordination: Lack of a coordinated effort between airline operators, hotels and hospitals to promote the industry and lack of uniform pricing policies and standards across hospitals in Malaysia. Weak policy: Malaysian policy states that an individual entity is not permitted to transport an excess of 1,000 Ringgits outside of the country without government approval. While this act has not hindered trade, it has certainly weakened the credibility of the Negara Malaysia Bank (the countries national bank) as an international financier. Limited Profits to retailers: The low estimated cost of living is sustained by the Malaysian government through subsides on essential items, such as gasoline, bread, rice, etc. Prices on these items are kept well under market value which although good for the consumer hinders any further competitive pricing by retailers, thus limiting profit. Lacking in multimedia research development hub: Despite the creation of a world-class infrastructure, the government of Malaysia has not been successful in realizing its original aim of creating a cutting-edge multimedia research and development hub. Rising costs: For creating such a successful service industry around the world, Malaysia had to sacrifice other industries along the way. Malaysia is number three in the service industry. The increase in criminal activities related to this industry is causing a rise in the cost to prevent such crime. Favoritism for Malays: Roughly 65% of the population of Malaysia consists of Malays. Government perks favor Malays and other indigenous races to the determent of minorities, who provide a better level of economic activity. These factors have a long-term impact on the economy, by alienating minorities who contribute to economic growth. Those minorities are more likely to move to more favorable countries that value their expertise and economic contributions. Discriminatory Policies in Economy: The discrimination issues the government maintains in Malaysia over non-Malays, is an economic concern. Despite some improvement in the economic power of Malay people, the Malaysian government maintains a policy of discrimination favoring ethnic Malays over other races-including preferential treatment in education, employment, business, scholarships, access to cheaper housing and assisted savings. This special kind of treatment has sparked envy and resentment between Malays and Non- Malays. Discrimination issues tend to provoke conflict between the groups involved in the discriminatory practices. Commerce between the two groups may decrease, which may cause a decrease in overall economic activity. Discrimination also limits human capital when available to do certain jobs. Limitations in general lead to less efficient uses of natural or human resources in an economy. Critical level of Corruption: Corruption in Malaysia has reached a critical level as the country falls in international rankings, a graft watchdog announced warning the government to act or lose its competitiveness. The UNs Asia-Pacific Human Development Report highlighted an International Country Risk Guide finding which saw Malaysia decline from a score of 4.00 in year 1996 to 2.38 in year 2006, with a lower score showing greater corruption. Corrupt political systems tend to weaken economic growth, because they indirectly charge additional taxes on the economy. Every payment to a corrupt officer to obtain a service is considered a tax. The more taxes on a economic system, the lower economic growth, because resources are shifted away from highly efficient parts of the economy to less efficient and corrupt parts of the economy. Threats Malaysia, being a trading nation that highly dependent on international trade, the economic performance is very vulnerable to the performance of the major international trading partners. For decades, the economic growth has been overly reliant on international trade, external sector developments and foreign direct investment (FDI). In view of the challenges that arise from the globalization effects, it is important for the Malaysian Government to sustain growth and strengthen the macro-economic fundamentals within the country. This can be done by focusing on domestic business and industrial activities and increasing the purchasing power of our population. The governments corporate reforms and fiscal policies have to be continued to create a condition suitable for a speedy recovery and sustainable growth. It is also important to ensure that the restructured loans remain performing. Importance must be placed on continuing improvements on transparency, corporate governance and strict enforcement of powers by the market regulators. The country also needs to maintain its peaceful environment and security to secure the investors confidence. Currently, most of exports of Malaysia are for the United States. Thus, the successful recovery of the US economy is pivotal to Malaysias continuing recovery. Due to current stagnation in the US economy, the electronic chip industry is a damper on economic recovery in Malaysia where electronics related exports make up more than 30% of the gross domestic product. River pollution: Pollution is one the largest threats to the rivers. The reduction in river water quality is a clear indicator of the decline in the environmental health of a river basin. Palm Oil Production Destroys Forest: Environmental group protests are making it difficult to expand production of palm oil plantations, so firms have to slow their growth and discover a new, more sustainable, method to increase Palm Oil. Threats and boycotts will lead to less demand for products containing palm oil, which will hurt the price of palm oil as a commodity. Swine Flu Virus: Swine flu (the H1N1 virus) is added to the list of potential threats. Malaysia have downgraded their forecast for tourist arrivals accordingly. Malaysia reported its first fatal case of swine flu with the death of an Indonesian student, officials. The 30-year-old man, who was diagnosed with the H1N1 virus, died from cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation. TRANSPORTATION SECTOR In Malaysia transport was started developing during British colonial rule, and its transport network is now developed and diverse. Malaysias road system begun during British colonization and it covers about 63,445 km. The main highway that reaches the Thai border from Singapore covers a distance of over 800 km. Within the city, the Light Rail Transit (LRT) is available to help meet Malaysias need for mobility that is reliable, safe, comfortable and predictable. Peninsular Malaysia have high quality network of roads, while the East Malaysian road system is not as well developed. In Peninsular Malaysia the main modes of transport are trains, buses, cars and to an extent airplanes. Malaysias small railway system is less significant than its roads and is confined primarily to the peninsula, where it runs from the southern tip (where it is connected to Singapore) northward to the border with Thailand. Malaysias first light-rail transport was started in Kuala Lumpur in 1996. After that, several monorail and express lines have opened in the Kuala Lumpur metropolitan area. In East Malaysia and especially in Sarawak river transport is of great importance. In addition, Malaysias accessible and long coastlines have fostered maritime trade for more than a millennium. Several ports, notably Penang on the Strait of Malacca and Port Kelang (the principal port) have become major container-handling facilities. Air transport has grown very rapidly as the passenger traffic has increased especially on the peninsula. Almost all Malaysian states are connected with an internal air network. Airports in Kota Kinabalu, Penang and Kuching have limited international service. LAND TRANSPORT Roads Malaysias road network covers 98,721 kilometers , of which 80,280 kilometers is paved, and 1,821 kilometers is expressways. The longest highway the North-South Expressway of the country extends over 800 kilometers between the Singapore and Thai border. Trains The inter city, countrywide, traditional KTMB rail network and the inner city, light rail transit network are the two types of train network in Malaysia. The KTMB service serves the entire country of Malaysia by travelling between major cities and also up into Thailand. Railways The railway system covers a total of 1,849 kilometers (1,149 mi). 1,792 kilometers (1,113 mi) of it is narrow gauge, while 57 kilometers (35 mi) is standard gauge. 150 kilometers (93 mi) of narrow gauge tracks and all the standard gauge tracks are electrified. Elevated Light Rail Transit systems are used in some cities such as Kuala Lumpur which are relatively inexpensive. MY Rapid is a company that runs the main public transportation system in KL. They provide Monorail, Putra and Star LRT and RapidKL buses. Buses: For travel between Singapore, Penang and KL, the services of coach in Malaysia are difficult to beat. Fares are well priced at roughly RM 50 RM 60 for KL-Penang and just under RM 100 for luxury coaches from KL-Singapore. The best services also provide drink, food and entertainment for the journey. Buying tickets in Malaysia works out much cheaper than buying them in Singapore. Therefore, if it needs travelling from KL to Singapore and back again, surely purchase a return ticket from the Malaysian side. The buses offer pre-recorded commentary in eight different languages and stop at 22 designated stops around the city. Taxis Drivers very well know very well the city geography and are able to find shortcuts when the inevitable traffic builds up. It is compulsory for taxi drivers to use their built-in meter to calculate the fare. Flag-off fare is RM3 with an additional 10 cents for every 115 meters thereafter. The taxis caught in a traffic jam charge the fare RM3 for the first three minutes and 10 cents for every subsequent 21 seconds. Penang Rickshaw, Penang: In Penang, locals called their rickshaw as Beca in Malay language. Most locals are taking buses and taxi in the island. Due to modern infrastructure the number of rickshaws in the city is reducing. All of these rickshaws have special permit from the government. Currently, Penang has less than 200 rickshaws on its streets mainly to ride tourists to nearby attractions within the city. WATER TRANSPORT Waterways Malaysia has 7,200 kilometers (4,474 mi) of waterways, most of them rivers. Of this, 3,200 kilometers (1,988 mi) are in Peninsular Malaysia, 2500 kilometers (1553 mi) are in Sarawak and 1,500 kilometers (932 mi) are in Sabah. Information on Sea Transportation Many popular island destinations like Pangkor, Langkawi, Tioman and Redang are linked to the mainland by ferry services and other smaller islands are accessible by fishing boats, which may be chartered. Ferry services are also available from Belungkor, Tanjung, Desaru, Kukup, Johor Bahru Duty Free Zone and Sebana Cove (all in Johor) to the neighboring islands in the south and from Butterworth to Penang. There are a number of cruise liners which call on Malaysian ports. One of which, Star Cruises is Malaysian-owned and operated. Ports and harbors This is a list of Malaysian ports and harbors: Bintulu Kota Kinabalu Kuantan Kemaman Kuching Kudat Labuan Lahad Datu Lumut Miri Pasir Gudang George Town, Penang Port Dickson Port Klang Sandakan Sibu Tanjung Berhala Tanjung Kidurong Tawau Tanjung Pelepas Ferry: The ferries carry light vehicles on bottom deck and pedestrian on top level. The bottom is shared by 4 wheelers and two wheelers. The cars onboard the ferry occupy the front part followed by the motorcycles. The ferry has 2 toilets for male and female and one mini counter selling snacks and drinks on the upper level. Pipelines: Malaysia has 3 kilometers (2 mi) of condensate pipeline, 1,965 kilometers (1,221 mi) of gas pipeline, 31 kilometers (19 mi) of oil pipeline, and 114 kilometers (71 mi) of refined products pipelines. AIR TRANSPORT In Malaysia, airlines are separated into two 1) Passenger airlines 2) Cargo airlines. The Kuala Lumpur International Airport (KLIA) is well known in the region and is known as one of the more modern airports in the world. With other international airports in Kota Kinabalu, Kuching and Penang, domestic airports are also available in Malaysia. Also a Low Cost Carrier Terminal (LCCT) is designed specifically for low cost carriers by KLIA and it is located 20km from the main terminal. Air Asia is the most popular budget airline in Asia and is based in Malaysia. Air Asia flies to many locations regionally and also domestically. Air transport is crucial for the distribution of high value to weight products. Air freight may only account for 0.5% of the tons of global trade with the rest of the world, but it makes up around 34.6% of the total in terms of value. Shippers pay airlines MYR 8.0 billion annually to carry 805,000 tons of freight to, from and within Malaysia. The benefit to the shippers is estimated as MYR 3.3 billion in excess of this expenditure. Based on these share of exports Malaysian shippers receive over half of this benefit (MYR 1.9 billion). Malaysia Airlines currently flies to many places worldwide and provides access to other states within both East Malaysia and Peninsular Malaysia.